ABO ADVANCED COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ With prism, do you have to specify the direction? Answer: Yes
◉ What does Anisometropia and Antimetropia have in common?
Answer: Both may result in the condition where unequal images are sent
to the brain by the eyes.
◉ Aniseikonia. Answer: The condition that cause two unequal images
being sent to the brain
◉ What lenses do you use to fix Aniseikonia? Answer: Iseikonic Lenses
◉ When a patient comes up with a new RX, what should you check
before starting on the new RX? Answer: Check previous RX to compare
to new RX for any concerns or differences
◉ What's the importance of Lifestyle Questioning? Answer: It helps find
the exact needs and expectations the patient will have for their glasses
◉ Where is the image formed from Refraction? Answer: On the retina
,◉ Do all refractive components have plus or minus dioptric powers?
Answer: Plus Dioptric Powers
◉ How many diopters does the cornea perform? Answer: 43 Diopters
◉ How many diopters does the crystalline lens perform? Answer: 17
Diopters
◉ What is the approximate combination of the crystalline lens and the
cornea in diopters? Answer: 60 Diopters
◉ What is the average axial length of the eye? Answer: 26.5 mm
◉ Emmetropia. Answer: The 'normal' ocular refractive condition
◉ Non-Standard Emmetropia. Answer: Contains excessive plus power
in the cornea and/or crystalline lens BUT may have a shorter axial length
◉ Ametropia. Answer: Any error of refraction in the eye
◉ Hyperopia (in regards to light). Answer: Rays of light strike the retina
BEFORE coming to focus
,◉ Where do images come to focus for Hyperopia? Answer: BEHIND
the retina
◉ What is Hyperopia also referred to? Answer: Farsighted or Long Sight
◉ Curvature Hyperopia. Answer: Due to the Cornea or Crystalline Lens
being too flat for the axial length of the eye
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
VA. Answer: Visual Acuity
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
Cc. Answer: With Correction
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
Sc. Answer: Without Correction
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
N. Answer: Near
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
, D. Answer: Distance
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
PH. Answer: Pinhole
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
J. Answer: Jaeger Notation
◉ Each letter on an acuity chart subtends a _____ angle to the eye at a
given distance.. Answer: 5 Minute Angle
◉ If a patient is NLP or No Light Perception they are? Answer: Totally
blind
◉ What is the purpose of Keratometry? Answer: To assess the curvature
and toricity of the cornea
◉ If the axis of the flattest meridian is 180 +/- 30 degrees, it is
considered __________? Answer: With the Rule
◉ If the axis of the flattest meridian is 90 +/- 30 degrees, it is considered
__________? Answer: Against the Rule
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ With prism, do you have to specify the direction? Answer: Yes
◉ What does Anisometropia and Antimetropia have in common?
Answer: Both may result in the condition where unequal images are sent
to the brain by the eyes.
◉ Aniseikonia. Answer: The condition that cause two unequal images
being sent to the brain
◉ What lenses do you use to fix Aniseikonia? Answer: Iseikonic Lenses
◉ When a patient comes up with a new RX, what should you check
before starting on the new RX? Answer: Check previous RX to compare
to new RX for any concerns or differences
◉ What's the importance of Lifestyle Questioning? Answer: It helps find
the exact needs and expectations the patient will have for their glasses
◉ Where is the image formed from Refraction? Answer: On the retina
,◉ Do all refractive components have plus or minus dioptric powers?
Answer: Plus Dioptric Powers
◉ How many diopters does the cornea perform? Answer: 43 Diopters
◉ How many diopters does the crystalline lens perform? Answer: 17
Diopters
◉ What is the approximate combination of the crystalline lens and the
cornea in diopters? Answer: 60 Diopters
◉ What is the average axial length of the eye? Answer: 26.5 mm
◉ Emmetropia. Answer: The 'normal' ocular refractive condition
◉ Non-Standard Emmetropia. Answer: Contains excessive plus power
in the cornea and/or crystalline lens BUT may have a shorter axial length
◉ Ametropia. Answer: Any error of refraction in the eye
◉ Hyperopia (in regards to light). Answer: Rays of light strike the retina
BEFORE coming to focus
,◉ Where do images come to focus for Hyperopia? Answer: BEHIND
the retina
◉ What is Hyperopia also referred to? Answer: Farsighted or Long Sight
◉ Curvature Hyperopia. Answer: Due to the Cornea or Crystalline Lens
being too flat for the axial length of the eye
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
VA. Answer: Visual Acuity
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
Cc. Answer: With Correction
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
Sc. Answer: Without Correction
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
N. Answer: Near
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
, D. Answer: Distance
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
PH. Answer: Pinhole
◉ Chart Abbreviations:
J. Answer: Jaeger Notation
◉ Each letter on an acuity chart subtends a _____ angle to the eye at a
given distance.. Answer: 5 Minute Angle
◉ If a patient is NLP or No Light Perception they are? Answer: Totally
blind
◉ What is the purpose of Keratometry? Answer: To assess the curvature
and toricity of the cornea
◉ If the axis of the flattest meridian is 180 +/- 30 degrees, it is
considered __________? Answer: With the Rule
◉ If the axis of the flattest meridian is 90 +/- 30 degrees, it is considered
__________? Answer: Against the Rule
