ASQ Green Belt Exam ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
acceptance numberCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The maximum number of defects or
defectives allowable in a sampling lot for the lot to be acceptable.
acceptance quality limit (AQL)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In a continuing series of lots, a
quality level that, for the purpose of sampling inspection, is the limit of a satisfactory process
average.
acceptance samplingCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Inspection of a sample from a lot to decide
whether to accept that lot. There are two types: attributes sampling and variables sampling. In
attributes sampling, the presence or absence of a characteristic is noted in each of the units
inspected. In variables sampling, the numerical magnitude of a characteristic is measured and
recorded for each inspected unit; this involves reference to a continuous scale of some kind.
acceptance sampling planCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A specific plan that indicates the
sampling sizes and associated acceptance or nonacceptance criteria to be used. In attributes
sampling, for example, there are single, double, multiple, sequential, chain, and skip-lot
sampling plans. In variables sampling, there are single, double, and sequential sampling
plans. For detailed descriptions of these plans, see the standard ANSI/ISO/ASQ A3534-2-
1993: Statistics—Vocabulary and symbols— Statistical quality control.
accuracyCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The closeness of agreement between a test result or
measurement result and the accepted/true value.2
activity based costingCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅An accounting system that assigns costs to
a product based on the amount of resources used to design, order, or make it.
activity network diagramCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A diagram that links tasks with direct
arrows showing the path through the task list. Tasks are linked when a task is dependent on a
preceding task. (AKA arrow diagram.) Included with parallel activity paths
Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅High-level
automotive process for product realization, from design through production part approval.
,affinity diagramCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A management tool for organizing information
(usually gathered during a brainstorming activity) into categories. To group ideas for a new
or potentially complex problem, a team would most likely employ:
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A private,
nonprofit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization
and conformity assessment system. It is the U.S. member body in the International
Organization for Standardization, known as ISO.
American Society for Quality (ASQ)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A global community of
people dedicated to quality who share the ideas and tools that make our world work better.
With individual and organizational members around the world, ASQ has the reputation and
reach to bring together the diverse quality champions who are transforming the world's
corporations, organizations, and communities to meet tomorrow's critical challenges.
analysis of means (ANOM)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A statistical procedure for
troubleshooting industrial processes and analyzing the results of experimental designs with
factors at fixed levels. It provides a graphical display of data. Ellis R. Ott developed the
procedure in 1967 because he observed that nonstatisticians had difficulty understanding
analysis of variance. Analysis of means is easier for quality practitioners to use because it is
an extension of the control chart. In 1973, Edward G. Schilling further extended the concept,
enabling analysis of means to be used with nonnormal distributions and attributes data in
which the normal approximation to the binomial distribution does not apply. This is referred
to as analysis of means for treatment effects.
analysis of variance (ANOVA)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A basic statistical technique for
determining the proportion of influence a factor or set of factors has on total variation. It
subdivides the total variation of a data set into meaningful component parts associated with
specific sources of variation to test a hypothesis on the parameters of the model or to estimate
variance components. There are three models: fixed, random, and mixed. Alternative
hypothesis is valid for one way Anova is at least one of the group means is different.
analytical (inferential) studiesCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A set of techniques used to arrive
at a conclusion about a population based upon the information contained in a sample taken
from that population.
arrow diagramCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A planning tool used to diagram a sequence of
events or activities (nodes) and their interconnectivity. It is used for scheduling and especially
for determining the critical path through nodes. (AKA activity network diagram.)
,assignable causeCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A name for the source of variation in a process
that is not due to chance and therefore can be identified and eliminated. Also called "special
cause."
attributes (discrete) dataCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Go/no-go information. The control
charts based on attributes data include percent chart, number of affected units chart, count
chart, count per unit chart, quality score chart, and demerit chart.
attributes, method ofCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Method of measuring quality that consists
of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units
under consideration and counting how many units do (or do not) possess it. Example: go/no-
go gauging of a dimension.
auditCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The on-site verification activity, such as inspection or
examination, of a product, process, or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements.
Glossary 561 An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a product,
function, process, or production step.
Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A global automotive
trade association with about 1600 member companies that focuses on common business
processes, implementation guidelines, education, and training.
average chartCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A control chart in which the subgroup average, x -,
is used to evaluate the stability of the process level.
average outgoing quality (AOQ)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The expected average quality
level of an outgoing product for a given value of incoming product quality.
average outgoing quality limit (AOQL)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The maximum average
outgoing quality over all possible levels of incoming quality for a given acceptance sampling
plan and disposal specification.
average run length (ARL)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅On a control chart, the number of
subgroups expected to be inspected before a shift in magnitude takes place.
, average sample number (ASN)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The average number of sample
units inspected per lot when reaching decisions to accept or reject.
average total inspection (ATI)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The average number of units
inspected per lot, including all units in rejected lots. Applicable when the procedure calls for
100 percent inspection of rejected lots.
balanced scorecardCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A management system that provides
feedback on both internal business processes and external outcomes to continuously improve
strategic performance and results. Four dimensions are: Financial, Customer, Internal process
and Innovation
Baldrige AwardCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅See Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.
baseline measurement—The beginning point, based on an evaluation of output over a period
of time, used to determine the process parameters prior to any improvement effort; the basis
against which change is measured.
batch and queueCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Producing more than one piece and then moving
the pieces to the next operation before they are needed.
Bayes's theoremCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A formula to calculate conditional probabilities
by relating the conditional and marginal probability distributions of random variables.
benchmarkingCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A technique in which a company measures its
performance against that of best-in-class companies, determines how those companies
achieved their performance levels, and uses the information to improve its own performance.
Subjects that can be benchmarked include strategies, operations, and processes.
benefit-cost analysisCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅An examination of the relationship between
the monetary cost of implementing an improvement and the monetary value of the benefits
achieved by the improvement, both within the same time period. 562 Glossary
biasCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The influence in a sample of a factor that causes the data
population or process being sampled to appear different from what it actually is, typically in a
specific direction.3
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
acceptance numberCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The maximum number of defects or
defectives allowable in a sampling lot for the lot to be acceptable.
acceptance quality limit (AQL)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In a continuing series of lots, a
quality level that, for the purpose of sampling inspection, is the limit of a satisfactory process
average.
acceptance samplingCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Inspection of a sample from a lot to decide
whether to accept that lot. There are two types: attributes sampling and variables sampling. In
attributes sampling, the presence or absence of a characteristic is noted in each of the units
inspected. In variables sampling, the numerical magnitude of a characteristic is measured and
recorded for each inspected unit; this involves reference to a continuous scale of some kind.
acceptance sampling planCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A specific plan that indicates the
sampling sizes and associated acceptance or nonacceptance criteria to be used. In attributes
sampling, for example, there are single, double, multiple, sequential, chain, and skip-lot
sampling plans. In variables sampling, there are single, double, and sequential sampling
plans. For detailed descriptions of these plans, see the standard ANSI/ISO/ASQ A3534-2-
1993: Statistics—Vocabulary and symbols— Statistical quality control.
accuracyCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The closeness of agreement between a test result or
measurement result and the accepted/true value.2
activity based costingCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅An accounting system that assigns costs to
a product based on the amount of resources used to design, order, or make it.
activity network diagramCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A diagram that links tasks with direct
arrows showing the path through the task list. Tasks are linked when a task is dependent on a
preceding task. (AKA arrow diagram.) Included with parallel activity paths
Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅High-level
automotive process for product realization, from design through production part approval.
,affinity diagramCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A management tool for organizing information
(usually gathered during a brainstorming activity) into categories. To group ideas for a new
or potentially complex problem, a team would most likely employ:
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A private,
nonprofit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization
and conformity assessment system. It is the U.S. member body in the International
Organization for Standardization, known as ISO.
American Society for Quality (ASQ)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A global community of
people dedicated to quality who share the ideas and tools that make our world work better.
With individual and organizational members around the world, ASQ has the reputation and
reach to bring together the diverse quality champions who are transforming the world's
corporations, organizations, and communities to meet tomorrow's critical challenges.
analysis of means (ANOM)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A statistical procedure for
troubleshooting industrial processes and analyzing the results of experimental designs with
factors at fixed levels. It provides a graphical display of data. Ellis R. Ott developed the
procedure in 1967 because he observed that nonstatisticians had difficulty understanding
analysis of variance. Analysis of means is easier for quality practitioners to use because it is
an extension of the control chart. In 1973, Edward G. Schilling further extended the concept,
enabling analysis of means to be used with nonnormal distributions and attributes data in
which the normal approximation to the binomial distribution does not apply. This is referred
to as analysis of means for treatment effects.
analysis of variance (ANOVA)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A basic statistical technique for
determining the proportion of influence a factor or set of factors has on total variation. It
subdivides the total variation of a data set into meaningful component parts associated with
specific sources of variation to test a hypothesis on the parameters of the model or to estimate
variance components. There are three models: fixed, random, and mixed. Alternative
hypothesis is valid for one way Anova is at least one of the group means is different.
analytical (inferential) studiesCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A set of techniques used to arrive
at a conclusion about a population based upon the information contained in a sample taken
from that population.
arrow diagramCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A planning tool used to diagram a sequence of
events or activities (nodes) and their interconnectivity. It is used for scheduling and especially
for determining the critical path through nodes. (AKA activity network diagram.)
,assignable causeCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A name for the source of variation in a process
that is not due to chance and therefore can be identified and eliminated. Also called "special
cause."
attributes (discrete) dataCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Go/no-go information. The control
charts based on attributes data include percent chart, number of affected units chart, count
chart, count per unit chart, quality score chart, and demerit chart.
attributes, method ofCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Method of measuring quality that consists
of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units
under consideration and counting how many units do (or do not) possess it. Example: go/no-
go gauging of a dimension.
auditCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The on-site verification activity, such as inspection or
examination, of a product, process, or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements.
Glossary 561 An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a product,
function, process, or production step.
Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A global automotive
trade association with about 1600 member companies that focuses on common business
processes, implementation guidelines, education, and training.
average chartCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A control chart in which the subgroup average, x -,
is used to evaluate the stability of the process level.
average outgoing quality (AOQ)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The expected average quality
level of an outgoing product for a given value of incoming product quality.
average outgoing quality limit (AOQL)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The maximum average
outgoing quality over all possible levels of incoming quality for a given acceptance sampling
plan and disposal specification.
average run length (ARL)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅On a control chart, the number of
subgroups expected to be inspected before a shift in magnitude takes place.
, average sample number (ASN)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The average number of sample
units inspected per lot when reaching decisions to accept or reject.
average total inspection (ATI)CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The average number of units
inspected per lot, including all units in rejected lots. Applicable when the procedure calls for
100 percent inspection of rejected lots.
balanced scorecardCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A management system that provides
feedback on both internal business processes and external outcomes to continuously improve
strategic performance and results. Four dimensions are: Financial, Customer, Internal process
and Innovation
Baldrige AwardCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅See Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.
baseline measurement—The beginning point, based on an evaluation of output over a period
of time, used to determine the process parameters prior to any improvement effort; the basis
against which change is measured.
batch and queueCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Producing more than one piece and then moving
the pieces to the next operation before they are needed.
Bayes's theoremCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A formula to calculate conditional probabilities
by relating the conditional and marginal probability distributions of random variables.
benchmarkingCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A technique in which a company measures its
performance against that of best-in-class companies, determines how those companies
achieved their performance levels, and uses the information to improve its own performance.
Subjects that can be benchmarked include strategies, operations, and processes.
benefit-cost analysisCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅An examination of the relationship between
the monetary cost of implementing an improvement and the monetary value of the benefits
achieved by the improvement, both within the same time period. 562 Glossary
biasCORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The influence in a sample of a factor that causes the data
population or process being sampled to appear different from what it actually is, typically in a
specific direction.3
