STRAIGHTERLINE MICROBIOLOGY
ACTUAL EXAM 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Jablot, Redi, Schultz, and Schwann. Answer: Conducted experiments
supporting the hypothesis of biogenesis.
⩥ Atom. Answer: Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons, outer shells
filled with protons. #electrons=#protons
⩥ Hydrogen bond. Answer: Weak, results from attractive forces
between molecules with polar covalent bonds. Not technically a bond,
but super important.
⩥ Acidic. Answer: low Ph, H+
⩥ Basic/Alkaline. Answer: high Ph, OH-
⩥ Carbohydrates. Answer: Sugars and polysaccharides. Serve as food
storage (starch) and contribute to cell structural support (cellulose).
,⩥ Lipids. Answer: Fats, Phospholipids, and Waxes. Hydrophobic. Chill
in the cell membrane reinforcing cell structure.
⩥ Poteins. Answer: Enzymes, antibodies. Four stages in formation.
Made of amino acids
⩥ Nucleic Acid. Answer: Cell programmers. Adenine, Guanine,
Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
⩥ DNA. Answer: Double stranded. Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar
(deoxyribose) and nucleic acids (A-T, C-G)
⩥ RNA. Answer: Single stranded. Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar
(ribose), and nucleic acid (A-U, C-G)
⩥ ATP. Answer: Adenosine triphosphate. Adenine, ribose (pentose
sugar), and three phosphates (PO4). "currency of the cell"
⩥ Five I's of Microbe Culturing. Answer: Innoculation, incubation,
isolation, inspection, identification.
, ⩥ Pathway of magnification. Answer: Light source-->condenser lens
(focuses light)-->specimen-->objective lens (enlarged, real image)--
>ocular lens (mirrored/ "virtual" image)-->eye
⩥ Bacteria. Answer: cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosome(s), usually
cell wall (with peptidoglycan), cytoskeleton, glycolax.
⩥ monotrichous flagella. Answer: A subtype of polar flagella. A single
flagella
⩥ Lopotrichous flagella **lo·phot·ri·chous. Answer: Subtype of polar
flagella, tufts of flagella emerging at the same site.
⩥ Peritrichous Flagella **pe·rit·ri·chous**. Answer: flagella randomly
dispersed all over cell
⩥ Periplasmic Flagella/Axial Filaments. Answer: Enclosed in the space
between cell wall and cell membrane. Twist to move the cell? It's all
very confusing.
⩥ Gram stain. Answer: crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin. G+ has
thick peptidoglycan layer and stains 'blue', G- has inner and outer
ACTUAL EXAM 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Jablot, Redi, Schultz, and Schwann. Answer: Conducted experiments
supporting the hypothesis of biogenesis.
⩥ Atom. Answer: Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons, outer shells
filled with protons. #electrons=#protons
⩥ Hydrogen bond. Answer: Weak, results from attractive forces
between molecules with polar covalent bonds. Not technically a bond,
but super important.
⩥ Acidic. Answer: low Ph, H+
⩥ Basic/Alkaline. Answer: high Ph, OH-
⩥ Carbohydrates. Answer: Sugars and polysaccharides. Serve as food
storage (starch) and contribute to cell structural support (cellulose).
,⩥ Lipids. Answer: Fats, Phospholipids, and Waxes. Hydrophobic. Chill
in the cell membrane reinforcing cell structure.
⩥ Poteins. Answer: Enzymes, antibodies. Four stages in formation.
Made of amino acids
⩥ Nucleic Acid. Answer: Cell programmers. Adenine, Guanine,
Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
⩥ DNA. Answer: Double stranded. Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar
(deoxyribose) and nucleic acids (A-T, C-G)
⩥ RNA. Answer: Single stranded. Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar
(ribose), and nucleic acid (A-U, C-G)
⩥ ATP. Answer: Adenosine triphosphate. Adenine, ribose (pentose
sugar), and three phosphates (PO4). "currency of the cell"
⩥ Five I's of Microbe Culturing. Answer: Innoculation, incubation,
isolation, inspection, identification.
, ⩥ Pathway of magnification. Answer: Light source-->condenser lens
(focuses light)-->specimen-->objective lens (enlarged, real image)--
>ocular lens (mirrored/ "virtual" image)-->eye
⩥ Bacteria. Answer: cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosome(s), usually
cell wall (with peptidoglycan), cytoskeleton, glycolax.
⩥ monotrichous flagella. Answer: A subtype of polar flagella. A single
flagella
⩥ Lopotrichous flagella **lo·phot·ri·chous. Answer: Subtype of polar
flagella, tufts of flagella emerging at the same site.
⩥ Peritrichous Flagella **pe·rit·ri·chous**. Answer: flagella randomly
dispersed all over cell
⩥ Periplasmic Flagella/Axial Filaments. Answer: Enclosed in the space
between cell wall and cell membrane. Twist to move the cell? It's all
very confusing.
⩥ Gram stain. Answer: crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin. G+ has
thick peptidoglycan layer and stains 'blue', G- has inner and outer
