NR 507 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
Acute Renal Failure - correct answer ✔✔Sudden loss of kidney function caused by illness, injury,
toxin that stresses kidneys
Reversible
Determining prognosis of acute renal failure - correct answer ✔✔Kidney's response to diuretics
with good output
Indicates kidneys are functioning well
Pre-renal failure - correct answer ✔✔Most common cause of acute renal failure
Damage occurs before the kidney due to reduced blood flow
Intrarenal failure - correct answer ✔✔Direct damage to kidney
Contrast dye from a procedure
Post renal failure - correct answer ✔✔Disease states downstream of the kidney
Most often occur due to urinary obstruction
Acute Pyelonephritis pathophysiology - correct answer ✔✔Bacterial colonization: E. Coli
Adherence and invasion
Inflammation and immune response: causes symptoms, fever, flank pain
Renal injury and complications: renal scarring, abscess, sepsis, renal failure
, Acute Pyelonephritis assessment - correct answer ✔✔Clinical symptoms alone: similar to
cystitis, sicker with pyelo
Symptoms: flank pain, abdominal tenderness, fever
Severe injection symptoms: high fever chills tachycardia
Acute Pyelonephritis labs - correct answer ✔✔Urinalysis: positive urine culture with significant
bacteriuria, pyuria, WBC casts (not always present)
CBC: elevated WBC
Imaging: structural abnormalities, complications (abscess formation or obstruction)
Acute Pyelonephritis treatment - correct answer ✔✔Antibiotic
Supportive care: hydration, analgesics
Hospitalization: severe cases, pregnant women, comorbidities, unable to tolerate oral intake
Follow-up: crucial to monitor treatment, complete full course of antibiotics, repeat urine culture
Renal calculi pathophysiology - correct answer ✔✔Supersaturation: urine is oversaturated with
thing like calcium
Nucleation crystals act as nucleation sites where more crystal deposition can occur
Crystal retention
Stone growth and composition
Renal calculi physical exam - correct answer ✔✔Flank or abdominal pain, CVA tenderness,
hamturia
Renal calculi lab tests - correct answer ✔✔Urinalysis: blood, crystals, infection
Blood test: evaluate renal function, identify metabolic abnormalities
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
Acute Renal Failure - correct answer ✔✔Sudden loss of kidney function caused by illness, injury,
toxin that stresses kidneys
Reversible
Determining prognosis of acute renal failure - correct answer ✔✔Kidney's response to diuretics
with good output
Indicates kidneys are functioning well
Pre-renal failure - correct answer ✔✔Most common cause of acute renal failure
Damage occurs before the kidney due to reduced blood flow
Intrarenal failure - correct answer ✔✔Direct damage to kidney
Contrast dye from a procedure
Post renal failure - correct answer ✔✔Disease states downstream of the kidney
Most often occur due to urinary obstruction
Acute Pyelonephritis pathophysiology - correct answer ✔✔Bacterial colonization: E. Coli
Adherence and invasion
Inflammation and immune response: causes symptoms, fever, flank pain
Renal injury and complications: renal scarring, abscess, sepsis, renal failure
, Acute Pyelonephritis assessment - correct answer ✔✔Clinical symptoms alone: similar to
cystitis, sicker with pyelo
Symptoms: flank pain, abdominal tenderness, fever
Severe injection symptoms: high fever chills tachycardia
Acute Pyelonephritis labs - correct answer ✔✔Urinalysis: positive urine culture with significant
bacteriuria, pyuria, WBC casts (not always present)
CBC: elevated WBC
Imaging: structural abnormalities, complications (abscess formation or obstruction)
Acute Pyelonephritis treatment - correct answer ✔✔Antibiotic
Supportive care: hydration, analgesics
Hospitalization: severe cases, pregnant women, comorbidities, unable to tolerate oral intake
Follow-up: crucial to monitor treatment, complete full course of antibiotics, repeat urine culture
Renal calculi pathophysiology - correct answer ✔✔Supersaturation: urine is oversaturated with
thing like calcium
Nucleation crystals act as nucleation sites where more crystal deposition can occur
Crystal retention
Stone growth and composition
Renal calculi physical exam - correct answer ✔✔Flank or abdominal pain, CVA tenderness,
hamturia
Renal calculi lab tests - correct answer ✔✔Urinalysis: blood, crystals, infection
Blood test: evaluate renal function, identify metabolic abnormalities
