NURS 215 Exam 3 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
upper airway - (ANSWER)- not sterile
- nasal passage, mouth, and pharynx
- infections: common cold, pharyngitis, influenza, rhinosinusitis
lower airway - (ANSWER)- sterile
- trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
- gas exchange
- infections: RSV, acute bronchitis, TB, pneumonia
ventilation - (ANSWER)moving air in and out
- adequate ventilation necessary for O2 to blood - body - tissue
respiration - (ANSWER)gase exchange in lungs
- external: CO2 - O2 (in lungs)
- internal: O2 - CO2 (in tissue) (capillary - tissue gas exchange)
factors affecting ventilation - (ANSWER)- respiratory rate and depth
- hyper/hypoventilation
- lung compliance, elasticity
- airway resistance
factors affecting pulmonary function - (ANSWER)- developmental state
- environment (stress. allergies, air quality)
- lifestyle (substances, exercise, occupation)
- smoking and 2nd hand
- CNS depressants (meds)
, NURS 215 Exam 3 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
alterations to gas exchange - (ANSWER)alveoli cant recoil (trapped air)
- COPD
- emphysema
pulmonary assessment - (ANSWER)- physical: inspect, palpate, percuss, auscultate
- respiratory distress: gather symptoms (quick exam: adequacy of breathing, circulating, oxygenation)
- healthy person: risk of respiratory disease - extensive questions and physical exam
eupnea - (ANSWER)normal breathing 12-20 BPM
bradypnea - (ANSWER)less than 12 BPM
tachypnea - (ANSWER)more than 20 BPM
apnea - (ANSWER)period of no breathing
dyspnea - (ANSWER)SOB, labored breathing
hyperventilation - (ANSWER)- increased rate and depth
- blows off CO2 - decrease level in blood
- anxiety, fear, extreme exertion
kussmauls - (ANSWER)- hyperventilation with metabolic acidosis
- fruity acetone breath
boits - (ANSWER)- irregular periods of inspiration and expiration, followed by apnea
- trauma or affected CNS
upper airway - (ANSWER)- not sterile
- nasal passage, mouth, and pharynx
- infections: common cold, pharyngitis, influenza, rhinosinusitis
lower airway - (ANSWER)- sterile
- trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
- gas exchange
- infections: RSV, acute bronchitis, TB, pneumonia
ventilation - (ANSWER)moving air in and out
- adequate ventilation necessary for O2 to blood - body - tissue
respiration - (ANSWER)gase exchange in lungs
- external: CO2 - O2 (in lungs)
- internal: O2 - CO2 (in tissue) (capillary - tissue gas exchange)
factors affecting ventilation - (ANSWER)- respiratory rate and depth
- hyper/hypoventilation
- lung compliance, elasticity
- airway resistance
factors affecting pulmonary function - (ANSWER)- developmental state
- environment (stress. allergies, air quality)
- lifestyle (substances, exercise, occupation)
- smoking and 2nd hand
- CNS depressants (meds)
, NURS 215 Exam 3 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
alterations to gas exchange - (ANSWER)alveoli cant recoil (trapped air)
- COPD
- emphysema
pulmonary assessment - (ANSWER)- physical: inspect, palpate, percuss, auscultate
- respiratory distress: gather symptoms (quick exam: adequacy of breathing, circulating, oxygenation)
- healthy person: risk of respiratory disease - extensive questions and physical exam
eupnea - (ANSWER)normal breathing 12-20 BPM
bradypnea - (ANSWER)less than 12 BPM
tachypnea - (ANSWER)more than 20 BPM
apnea - (ANSWER)period of no breathing
dyspnea - (ANSWER)SOB, labored breathing
hyperventilation - (ANSWER)- increased rate and depth
- blows off CO2 - decrease level in blood
- anxiety, fear, extreme exertion
kussmauls - (ANSWER)- hyperventilation with metabolic acidosis
- fruity acetone breath
boits - (ANSWER)- irregular periods of inspiration and expiration, followed by apnea
- trauma or affected CNS
