K101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE| 300 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS| LATEST 2025 UPDATE
1. 1. In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a
single oxygen atom by ANS >> polar covalent bonds.
2. 2. Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments demonstrated conclusively that ANS >>
organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth.
3. 3. What do the four 'elements of life' -carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitro-
gen-have in common? ANS >> They all have unpaired electrons in their valence shells.
4. 4. Using the functional group diagram at right answer A - E which of the
following is incorrectly matched? ANS >>
A = amino group
B = thiol group
C = carbonyl (aldehyde)
D= organic phosphate
E= carboxyl group ANS >> E= carboxyl group
5. 5. Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because ANS >> the bonds that hold together the
atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent bonds
6. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
n?: C. Carboxyl
i) is an acidic functional group that can release H+ into a solutio
,7. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
ii) a basic functional group that can accept H+? ANS >> D. Amine
8. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
iii) can exist as a ketone or aldehyde configuration? ANS >> B. Carbonyl
9. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
iv) a characteristic of alcohols? ANS >> A. Hydroxyl
10. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
r between
v) helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within o
protein molecules? ANS >> E. Sulfhydryl
,11. 7. Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at
warmer temperatures? ANS >> adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
12. 8. A comparison of saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats re-
veals that the unsaturated fats are at room temperature and have
ANS >> ANS >> Liquids; cis double bonds
13. 9. A molecule with four joined rings that is the precursor of vertebrate
sex hormones (See Box 4.in figure below) and is also found in the vertebrate
phospholipid bilayer is ANS >> ANS >> cholesterol
14. 10. A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a , where one with
the formula C6H12O6 is probably a ANS >> fatty acid and monosaccharide, respectively
15. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
a. cholesterol. ANS >> 4
16. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
b. dipeptide. ANS >> 5
17. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
c. saturated fatty acid. ANS >> 3
18. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
d. polyunsaturated fatty acid. ANS >> 2
19. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
e. glucose. ANS >> 1
3 mm/
mm85
, 20. 12. Which of the following statements is/are true
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
mmregarding ch tion (5) illustrated above? ANS >> It results in a emical reac-
mm m m mm mm mm mm mm m m mm mm mm
mm
peptide bond.
mm mm
21. 13. A bond that forms by joining monomers (such as
mm mm m m mm mm m m mm mm mm
mm nucleotides or amino acids) into polymers (such as DNA or insulin) is
mm m m mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
mma(n) ANS >> ANS >> Covalent bond
mm mm m m mm m m mm
22. 14. Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
they mm
ANS >> - mm m m
are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
mm mm mm mm mm mm
23. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
i) Nucleus ANS >> mm mm m m C. Site transcription of mRNA and tRNA for protein synthesis
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
4 mm/
mm85
VERIFIED ANSWERS| LATEST 2025 UPDATE
1. 1. In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a
single oxygen atom by ANS >> polar covalent bonds.
2. 2. Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments demonstrated conclusively that ANS >>
organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth.
3. 3. What do the four 'elements of life' -carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitro-
gen-have in common? ANS >> They all have unpaired electrons in their valence shells.
4. 4. Using the functional group diagram at right answer A - E which of the
following is incorrectly matched? ANS >>
A = amino group
B = thiol group
C = carbonyl (aldehyde)
D= organic phosphate
E= carboxyl group ANS >> E= carboxyl group
5. 5. Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because ANS >> the bonds that hold together the
atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent bonds
6. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
n?: C. Carboxyl
i) is an acidic functional group that can release H+ into a solutio
,7. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
ii) a basic functional group that can accept H+? ANS >> D. Amine
8. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
iii) can exist as a ketone or aldehyde configuration? ANS >> B. Carbonyl
9. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
iv) a characteristic of alcohols? ANS >> A. Hydroxyl
10. 6. Which functional group shown at right is ANS >>
r between
v) helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within o
protein molecules? ANS >> E. Sulfhydryl
,11. 7. Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at
warmer temperatures? ANS >> adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
12. 8. A comparison of saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats re-
veals that the unsaturated fats are at room temperature and have
ANS >> ANS >> Liquids; cis double bonds
13. 9. A molecule with four joined rings that is the precursor of vertebrate
sex hormones (See Box 4.in figure below) and is also found in the vertebrate
phospholipid bilayer is ANS >> ANS >> cholesterol
14. 10. A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a , where one with
the formula C6H12O6 is probably a ANS >> fatty acid and monosaccharide, respectively
15. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
a. cholesterol. ANS >> 4
16. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
b. dipeptide. ANS >> 5
17. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
c. saturated fatty acid. ANS >> 3
18. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
d. polyunsaturated fatty acid. ANS >> 2
19. 11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
e. glucose. ANS >> 1
3 mm/
mm85
, 20. 12. Which of the following statements is/are true
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
mmregarding ch tion (5) illustrated above? ANS >> It results in a emical reac-
mm m m mm mm mm mm mm m m mm mm mm
mm
peptide bond.
mm mm
21. 13. A bond that forms by joining monomers (such as
mm mm m m mm mm m m mm mm mm
mm nucleotides or amino acids) into polymers (such as DNA or insulin) is
mm m m mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
mma(n) ANS >> ANS >> Covalent bond
mm mm m m mm m m mm
22. 14. Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
they mm
ANS >> - mm m m
are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
mm mm mm mm mm mm
23. 15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
i) Nucleus ANS >> mm mm m m C. Site transcription of mRNA and tRNA for protein synthesis
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
4 mm/
mm85
