Molecular Biology Exam test quizzes
and answers graded A+
DNA Polymerase - ANS✅✅-enzymes used to assemble DNA molecules by copying a template
strand of DNA according to base-pairing interactions
-adds nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing chain
DNA primase - ANS✅✅-a type of RNA polymerase which creates an RNA primer
-an enzyme involved in the replication of DNA
Helicase - ANS✅✅-enzyme that separates double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each
strand to be copied
(think unzipping a zipper)
leading strand - ANS✅✅-a strand of DNA that is being replicated continuously
lagging strand - ANS✅✅-a strand of DNA that is being replicated non-continuously
okazaki fragments - ANS✅✅short, newly synthesized DNA pieces that are formed on the lagging
template strand during DNA replication
RNA primer - ANS✅✅RNA strands that are added to the lagging strand of DNA by RNA
polymerase, beginning replication of the lagging strand
replication bubble - ANS✅✅the area or section where DNA replication occurs
replication fork - ANS✅✅The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow
replication of each strand
DNA ligase - ANS✅✅an enzyme that facilitates the joining of two DNA strands together by
catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond
origin of replication - ANS✅✅a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated
, ori C - ANS✅✅the DNA sequence that signals for the origin of replication in E. coli
SSBs: single stranded binding proteins - ANS✅✅proteins responsible for holding the replication
fork of DNA open and making sure the strand does not break apart
nucleosome remodeling complex - ANS✅✅when a nucleosome is moved away from a histone in
some way for a protein to be able to read the DNA sequence is known as...
DNA boxes - ANS✅✅-a section of DNA sequencing that always results in a certain reaction from
the protein
-also known as promoter sequence
point mutations - ANS✅✅a single nucleotide substitution
transitions - ANS✅✅a point mutation where a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine or a
purine with another purine
transcription - ANS✅✅the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is
copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase
messenger RNA - ANS✅✅the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a
sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - ANS✅✅a type of RNA, distinguished by its length and abundance,
functioning in protein synthesis as a component of ribosomes
transfer RNA (tRNA) - ANS✅✅RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from
the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome
RNA polymerase - ANS✅✅-an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA
-necessary for constructing RNA chains using DNA genes as templates (transcription)
and answers graded A+
DNA Polymerase - ANS✅✅-enzymes used to assemble DNA molecules by copying a template
strand of DNA according to base-pairing interactions
-adds nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing chain
DNA primase - ANS✅✅-a type of RNA polymerase which creates an RNA primer
-an enzyme involved in the replication of DNA
Helicase - ANS✅✅-enzyme that separates double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each
strand to be copied
(think unzipping a zipper)
leading strand - ANS✅✅-a strand of DNA that is being replicated continuously
lagging strand - ANS✅✅-a strand of DNA that is being replicated non-continuously
okazaki fragments - ANS✅✅short, newly synthesized DNA pieces that are formed on the lagging
template strand during DNA replication
RNA primer - ANS✅✅RNA strands that are added to the lagging strand of DNA by RNA
polymerase, beginning replication of the lagging strand
replication bubble - ANS✅✅the area or section where DNA replication occurs
replication fork - ANS✅✅The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow
replication of each strand
DNA ligase - ANS✅✅an enzyme that facilitates the joining of two DNA strands together by
catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond
origin of replication - ANS✅✅a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated
, ori C - ANS✅✅the DNA sequence that signals for the origin of replication in E. coli
SSBs: single stranded binding proteins - ANS✅✅proteins responsible for holding the replication
fork of DNA open and making sure the strand does not break apart
nucleosome remodeling complex - ANS✅✅when a nucleosome is moved away from a histone in
some way for a protein to be able to read the DNA sequence is known as...
DNA boxes - ANS✅✅-a section of DNA sequencing that always results in a certain reaction from
the protein
-also known as promoter sequence
point mutations - ANS✅✅a single nucleotide substitution
transitions - ANS✅✅a point mutation where a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine or a
purine with another purine
transcription - ANS✅✅the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is
copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase
messenger RNA - ANS✅✅the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a
sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - ANS✅✅a type of RNA, distinguished by its length and abundance,
functioning in protein synthesis as a component of ribosomes
transfer RNA (tRNA) - ANS✅✅RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from
the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome
RNA polymerase - ANS✅✅-an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA
-necessary for constructing RNA chains using DNA genes as templates (transcription)
