Molecular Biology Exam test quiz
and answers graded A+
The levels of organization of multicellular organisms and how they are related - ANS✅✅The Cell:
Basic Unit of Life
Tissue: A collection of cells
Organ: Collection of Tissues
Organ System Collection of organs and auxiliary tissue
What is an emergent property - ANS✅✅A property thet a collection or complex system has, but
the individual components do not
5 kingdoms - ANS✅✅Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, Protists
3 Domains - ANS✅✅Archea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotic
Which elements are the most important for life? - ANS✅✅Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur,
phosphorus, and carbon
Atomic Structure - ANS✅✅Protons and nutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbit in shells
Atomic mass - ANS✅✅protons plus the neutrons
Atomic number - ANS✅✅proton number
Isotope - ANS✅✅Atom that contains different number of neutrons than protons
Electron configuration of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon - ANS✅✅Oxygen wants to make
2 bonds, nitrogen wants to make 3, hydrogen wants to make 1 and carbon wants to make 4
How does valence affect chemical bonding - ANS✅✅Chemical bonding takes place so that atoms
can vill valence shells. A full shell is more stable
, Two types of chemical bonds - ANS✅✅Ionic and covalent
Covalent bond - ANS✅✅Sharing of electrons between two atoms
Ionic bond - ANS✅✅One atom donates an electron causing an opposite attraction
How does hydrogen bonding work - ANS✅✅Weak bonds that are made and broken easily.
Hydrogen of a polar, covalent molecule has an attraction to a nitrogen of a similar molecule
What makes some molecules polar - ANS✅✅The more electronegativity an atoms has the more
polar that it is.
Atoms are non polar when electronegativity is equal and atoms are shared evenly
The physical and chemical characteristics of water - ANS✅✅Covalently bonded
Polar molecule
Occurs between hydrogen atom of one water molecule with oxygen of another
1/20th as strong as a covalent bond
Why carbon based molecules are so diverse and how this diversity arrises - ANS✅✅Carbon has 4
electrons in the outer shell and this allows for many possible configuration
Shape determines the biological diversity
Structures of functional groups commonly found in organic molecules - ANS✅✅See notes
How polymerization is accomplished - ANS✅✅Accomplished through covalent bonding
Takes place through dehydration
This process can be reversed
Dehydration - ANS✅✅Removing a water molecule
Hydrolisis - ANS✅✅Adding a water molecule
and answers graded A+
The levels of organization of multicellular organisms and how they are related - ANS✅✅The Cell:
Basic Unit of Life
Tissue: A collection of cells
Organ: Collection of Tissues
Organ System Collection of organs and auxiliary tissue
What is an emergent property - ANS✅✅A property thet a collection or complex system has, but
the individual components do not
5 kingdoms - ANS✅✅Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, Protists
3 Domains - ANS✅✅Archea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotic
Which elements are the most important for life? - ANS✅✅Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur,
phosphorus, and carbon
Atomic Structure - ANS✅✅Protons and nutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbit in shells
Atomic mass - ANS✅✅protons plus the neutrons
Atomic number - ANS✅✅proton number
Isotope - ANS✅✅Atom that contains different number of neutrons than protons
Electron configuration of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon - ANS✅✅Oxygen wants to make
2 bonds, nitrogen wants to make 3, hydrogen wants to make 1 and carbon wants to make 4
How does valence affect chemical bonding - ANS✅✅Chemical bonding takes place so that atoms
can vill valence shells. A full shell is more stable
, Two types of chemical bonds - ANS✅✅Ionic and covalent
Covalent bond - ANS✅✅Sharing of electrons between two atoms
Ionic bond - ANS✅✅One atom donates an electron causing an opposite attraction
How does hydrogen bonding work - ANS✅✅Weak bonds that are made and broken easily.
Hydrogen of a polar, covalent molecule has an attraction to a nitrogen of a similar molecule
What makes some molecules polar - ANS✅✅The more electronegativity an atoms has the more
polar that it is.
Atoms are non polar when electronegativity is equal and atoms are shared evenly
The physical and chemical characteristics of water - ANS✅✅Covalently bonded
Polar molecule
Occurs between hydrogen atom of one water molecule with oxygen of another
1/20th as strong as a covalent bond
Why carbon based molecules are so diverse and how this diversity arrises - ANS✅✅Carbon has 4
electrons in the outer shell and this allows for many possible configuration
Shape determines the biological diversity
Structures of functional groups commonly found in organic molecules - ANS✅✅See notes
How polymerization is accomplished - ANS✅✅Accomplished through covalent bonding
Takes place through dehydration
This process can be reversed
Dehydration - ANS✅✅Removing a water molecule
Hydrolisis - ANS✅✅Adding a water molecule
