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AAMC FL 4 EXAM WITH COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
WELL ELABORATED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS
YEAR
Question: At 25°C, the equilibrium concentration of the NH4+ ion in a 10 M aqueous solution of
NH3 would be closest to which of the following?
A.
0.001 M
B.
0.01 M
C.
0.1 M
D.
1 M - ANSWER✔✔B. use ice table method
Chose: C - literally moved the decimal point wrong
Question: Compound 3 is prepared from Compound 2 (Figure 2) by:
A.
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reduction of the ketone and lactonization of the gamma-hydroxyester.
B.
hydrolysis of one ester and formation of an acetal from the ketoacid.
C.
reduction of one ester and formation of an acetal from the gamma-hydroxyketone.
D.
reduction of one ester and the ketone followed by dehydration to a ketoether. - ANSWER✔✔A.
First, NaBH4 reduces the ketone to a secondary alcohol, the gamma-hydroxyester intermediate.
Secondly, the alcohol group in this intermediate then reacts as a nucleophile w the carbonyl in
the ethyl ester in the same molecule, forming a new ester by displacing C2H5OH as a LG. This
cyclic ester is called a lactone, the intramolecular transesterification yielding this lactone is
called lactonization
Chose: D - overthinking
Question: Which of the following compounds is most likely the intermediate product formed in
Step 4 of Figure 2 if four equivalents of base are used?
A.
B.
C.
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D. - ANSWER✔✔D. When four equivalents of base (OH-) are used, one OH- will saponify the
lactone to form the secondary alcohol and carboxylate, a second OH- will hydrolyze the
carbamate, with the remaining OH- as excess.
Chose: A - the lactone will be hydrolyzed by OH-. In fact, it is more reactive than a carbamate
and will hydrolyze first.
Question: Based on the reaction scheme in Figure 1, what is the mechanism of substrate
binding to RT?
A.
Random order
B.
Ordered
C.
Ping-pong
D.
Double-displacement - ANSWER✔✔B. Figure 1 shows that the TP substrate binds first without
any catalysis occurring and then the dNTP substrate binds. This is an ordered mechanism.
Chose: C - in a ping pong mechanism, no ternary complex is formed. However, the ternary
complex RT/TP/dNTP does form. (double displacement = ping pong mechanism)
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, Page 4 of 193
Question: Why was it important that the cuvettes containing the glucose oxidase and the blood
sample were identical in terms of optical properties?
A.
To enable the comparison of the absorption spectra
B.
To reduce the absorption in the glass walls
C.
To decrease the uncertainty in the wavelength
D.
To increase the absorption in the solutions - ANSWER✔✔A. The identical optical properties of
the cuvettes ensure that the absorbed radiation is due only to the presence of glucose in the
blood and not due to the difference in the absorption features of the wells
Chose: C - While the glass walls have the same optical properties, this does not decrease the
uncertainty in the wavelength. Wavelength uncertainty is related only to photon properties.
Question: Two vectors of magnitudes |A| = 8 units and |B| = 5 units make an angle that can
vary from 0° to 180°. The magnitude of the resultant vector A + B CANNOT have the value of:
A.
2 units.
4
SUCCESS!
AAMC FL 4 EXAM WITH COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
WELL ELABORATED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS
YEAR
Question: At 25°C, the equilibrium concentration of the NH4+ ion in a 10 M aqueous solution of
NH3 would be closest to which of the following?
A.
0.001 M
B.
0.01 M
C.
0.1 M
D.
1 M - ANSWER✔✔B. use ice table method
Chose: C - literally moved the decimal point wrong
Question: Compound 3 is prepared from Compound 2 (Figure 2) by:
A.
1
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,Page 2 of 193
reduction of the ketone and lactonization of the gamma-hydroxyester.
B.
hydrolysis of one ester and formation of an acetal from the ketoacid.
C.
reduction of one ester and formation of an acetal from the gamma-hydroxyketone.
D.
reduction of one ester and the ketone followed by dehydration to a ketoether. - ANSWER✔✔A.
First, NaBH4 reduces the ketone to a secondary alcohol, the gamma-hydroxyester intermediate.
Secondly, the alcohol group in this intermediate then reacts as a nucleophile w the carbonyl in
the ethyl ester in the same molecule, forming a new ester by displacing C2H5OH as a LG. This
cyclic ester is called a lactone, the intramolecular transesterification yielding this lactone is
called lactonization
Chose: D - overthinking
Question: Which of the following compounds is most likely the intermediate product formed in
Step 4 of Figure 2 if four equivalents of base are used?
A.
B.
C.
2
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,Page 3 of 193
D. - ANSWER✔✔D. When four equivalents of base (OH-) are used, one OH- will saponify the
lactone to form the secondary alcohol and carboxylate, a second OH- will hydrolyze the
carbamate, with the remaining OH- as excess.
Chose: A - the lactone will be hydrolyzed by OH-. In fact, it is more reactive than a carbamate
and will hydrolyze first.
Question: Based on the reaction scheme in Figure 1, what is the mechanism of substrate
binding to RT?
A.
Random order
B.
Ordered
C.
Ping-pong
D.
Double-displacement - ANSWER✔✔B. Figure 1 shows that the TP substrate binds first without
any catalysis occurring and then the dNTP substrate binds. This is an ordered mechanism.
Chose: C - in a ping pong mechanism, no ternary complex is formed. However, the ternary
complex RT/TP/dNTP does form. (double displacement = ping pong mechanism)
3
SUCCESS!
, Page 4 of 193
Question: Why was it important that the cuvettes containing the glucose oxidase and the blood
sample were identical in terms of optical properties?
A.
To enable the comparison of the absorption spectra
B.
To reduce the absorption in the glass walls
C.
To decrease the uncertainty in the wavelength
D.
To increase the absorption in the solutions - ANSWER✔✔A. The identical optical properties of
the cuvettes ensure that the absorbed radiation is due only to the presence of glucose in the
blood and not due to the difference in the absorption features of the wells
Chose: C - While the glass walls have the same optical properties, this does not decrease the
uncertainty in the wavelength. Wavelength uncertainty is related only to photon properties.
Question: Two vectors of magnitudes |A| = 8 units and |B| = 5 units make an angle that can
vary from 0° to 180°. The magnitude of the resultant vector A + B CANNOT have the value of:
A.
2 units.
4
SUCCESS!
