AC-HPAT Prep Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math WITH
188 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS NEWEST RATED A+
2025/2026
Most of the cell membrane's specific func ons are controlled by: - Ans Proteins
Alcoholic Fermenta on is a form of: - Ans Anaerobic Respira on
Phagocytosis is a form of: - Ans Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - Ans Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is
the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks
down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of
two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to
gene c instruc ons? - Ans Ribosomes
What is the structural and func onal unit of life? - Ans The cell
What is a prokaryo c cell? - Ans A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is a eukaryo c cell? - Ans A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is cellular respira on? - Ans A catabolic pathway for the produc on of ATP, in which
some mes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At mes, the process
proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
,What is anaerobic respira on? - Ans A form of cellular respira on that does not involve
oxygen.
What is aerobic respira on? - Ans Form of cellular respira on which requires oxygen to
generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell
membrane: - Ans Diffusion, Osmosis, Ac ve Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes o0en reproduce by: - Ans Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - Ans A form of asexual reproduc on in which the parent divides into
two iden cal halves.
What is cytokinesis? - Ans The division of cytoplasm into two iden cal daughter cells, which
occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - Ans A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - Ans A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
What is chroma n? - Ans The substance of which eukaryo c chromosomes are composed,
consis ng of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
What is a centriole? - Ans a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
, What is a chromosome? - Ans A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the
nucleus, consis ng of DNA and protein.
What is DNA? - Ans A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replica ng and
determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the gene c material of most
living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA? - Ans A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It is
responsible for carrying the gene c code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell
where the informa on is translated into protein composi on.
What is a nucleo de? - Ans A nucleo de is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and
DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleo des. A nucleo de consists of a sugar molecule
(either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) a5ached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-
containing base.
What is transcrip on? - Ans Transcrip on is the process by which the informa on in a strand
of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex ini ates
transcrip on, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary
bases to the original DNA strand.
What is transla on? - Ans Transla on is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the
informa on contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Transla on occurs in a
structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - Ans Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance
or par cle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the
cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and
releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
188 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS NEWEST RATED A+
2025/2026
Most of the cell membrane's specific func ons are controlled by: - Ans Proteins
Alcoholic Fermenta on is a form of: - Ans Anaerobic Respira on
Phagocytosis is a form of: - Ans Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - Ans Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is
the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks
down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of
two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to
gene c instruc ons? - Ans Ribosomes
What is the structural and func onal unit of life? - Ans The cell
What is a prokaryo c cell? - Ans A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is a eukaryo c cell? - Ans A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is cellular respira on? - Ans A catabolic pathway for the produc on of ATP, in which
some mes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At mes, the process
proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
,What is anaerobic respira on? - Ans A form of cellular respira on that does not involve
oxygen.
What is aerobic respira on? - Ans Form of cellular respira on which requires oxygen to
generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell
membrane: - Ans Diffusion, Osmosis, Ac ve Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes o0en reproduce by: - Ans Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - Ans A form of asexual reproduc on in which the parent divides into
two iden cal halves.
What is cytokinesis? - Ans The division of cytoplasm into two iden cal daughter cells, which
occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - Ans A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - Ans A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
What is chroma n? - Ans The substance of which eukaryo c chromosomes are composed,
consis ng of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
What is a centriole? - Ans a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
, What is a chromosome? - Ans A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the
nucleus, consis ng of DNA and protein.
What is DNA? - Ans A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replica ng and
determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the gene c material of most
living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA? - Ans A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It is
responsible for carrying the gene c code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell
where the informa on is translated into protein composi on.
What is a nucleo de? - Ans A nucleo de is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and
DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleo des. A nucleo de consists of a sugar molecule
(either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) a5ached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-
containing base.
What is transcrip on? - Ans Transcrip on is the process by which the informa on in a strand
of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex ini ates
transcrip on, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary
bases to the original DNA strand.
What is transla on? - Ans Transla on is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the
informa on contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Transla on occurs in a
structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - Ans Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance
or par cle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the
cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and
releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
