Molecular biology exam queries and
answers graded A+
What catalyze the formation of the phosphodiester bonds that link the nucleotides together and
form the sugar-phosphate backbone of an RNA chain? - ANS✅✅RNA polymerase
Of the following answer choices, which of these occur in the cytosol and not the nucleus? -
ANS✅✅Degradation of the mRNA by ribonucleases into nucleotides
What is the propose of the sliding clamp in DNA replication? - ANS✅✅It keeps DNA polymerase
attached to the template
Which of the following choices removes all RNA primer from both strands of DNA? -
ANS✅✅Exonuclease
In order for Lac Operon to be switched on, what conditions must be present? - ANS✅✅glucose is
absent, and lactose is present
Which of the following is removed from mRNA molecules after splicing occurs? - ANS✅✅Introns
Single - Strand DNA Binding Proteins - ANS✅✅Keep DNA From Reforming Helix
Which of the following statements is false? - ANS✅✅The function of tRNA is to serve as adaptors
between DNA and mRNAs during gene expression
Which of the following is NOT true about DNA replication? - ANS✅✅The original (template) strand
is read in the 5' to 3' direction
Which molecule can be found outside of the nucleus? - ANS✅✅mature mRNA
What is the term used to describe the segment of DNA that does not code for proteins? -
ANS✅✅Intron
,What is the process of Eukaryotic Transcription? - ANS✅✅2. TATA binding proteins bind to TATA
box promoters 2. Proteins help bind polymerase to DNA 3. RNA polymerase II binds to form
Transcription Initiation Complex.
Which of the following is TRUE of an Initiation tRNA - ANS✅✅A. Always methionine B. Finds AUG
start site C. Allows translation to start once large subunit binds
What kind of RNA codes for a protein? - ANS✅✅mRNA
Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA polymerase? - ANS✅✅first builds a
short strand of RNA
DNA is _________ to mRNA. mRNA is ____________ to protein. The enzyme that makes mRNA
is_______. - ANS✅✅Transcribed, Translated, RNA Polymerase II
What signals the cell to stop adding amino acids to a protein? - ANS✅✅Release factor
Which of the following processes or structures occur outside of the nucleus (and within the cytosol)?
- ANS✅✅Translation
Cells copy DNA to RNA through a process called what? - ANS✅✅Transcription
What is the name of the stretch of DNA where RNA polymerase binds? - ANS✅✅Promoter
What is the function of methylation? - ANS✅✅It blocks transcription
When does the sigma factor re-associate with the polymerase and be ready to bind back on at a
promotor site? - ANS✅✅when the polymerase is unbound
Transcription occurs in the _________ and Translation occurs in the________. - ANS✅✅nucleus ;
cytosol
Which of the following could you find in the EUKARYOTIC transcription process but NOT in
PROKARYOTIC processes? - ANS✅✅TATA binding protein
, What type of bond binds the bases of both strands of a DNA double helix? - ANS✅✅Hydrogen
Bond
Which of the following describes what a transcription regulator is? - ANS✅✅proteins that help up-
and down-regulate a genes expression
What component is responsible for stopping the lac operon transcription when bound to DNA? -
ANS✅✅Lac Repressor
. During DNA replication, methylation adds a methyl group to ________ which ______ transcription.
- ANS✅✅cytosine; blocks
Gene expression has many levels of control. What level of control is the most important and without
it the other levels cannot happen? - ANS✅✅Transcriptional Contro
. During RNA splicing, RNPs bind to intron sequences and then the introns fold into what? -
ANS✅✅Lariat
Where are promoters typically found in DNA? - ANS✅✅Upstream of the coding region in a gene
When the Lac Operon is in the presence of lactose, will its genes be transcribed in large amounts or
small amounts? And Why? - ANS✅✅Could be either, because it depends on the glucose
concentration
. Which noncoding RNAs are complementary to target mRNAs? Choose all that apply. -
ANS✅✅miRNAs C. lnRNAs
Where are Okazaki fragments found in the building of DNA? - ANS✅✅They are the short stretches
of DNA found on the LAGGING STRAND
Which of these binds to the CAP activator on the Lac Operon? - ANS✅✅Cyclic AMP
answers graded A+
What catalyze the formation of the phosphodiester bonds that link the nucleotides together and
form the sugar-phosphate backbone of an RNA chain? - ANS✅✅RNA polymerase
Of the following answer choices, which of these occur in the cytosol and not the nucleus? -
ANS✅✅Degradation of the mRNA by ribonucleases into nucleotides
What is the propose of the sliding clamp in DNA replication? - ANS✅✅It keeps DNA polymerase
attached to the template
Which of the following choices removes all RNA primer from both strands of DNA? -
ANS✅✅Exonuclease
In order for Lac Operon to be switched on, what conditions must be present? - ANS✅✅glucose is
absent, and lactose is present
Which of the following is removed from mRNA molecules after splicing occurs? - ANS✅✅Introns
Single - Strand DNA Binding Proteins - ANS✅✅Keep DNA From Reforming Helix
Which of the following statements is false? - ANS✅✅The function of tRNA is to serve as adaptors
between DNA and mRNAs during gene expression
Which of the following is NOT true about DNA replication? - ANS✅✅The original (template) strand
is read in the 5' to 3' direction
Which molecule can be found outside of the nucleus? - ANS✅✅mature mRNA
What is the term used to describe the segment of DNA that does not code for proteins? -
ANS✅✅Intron
,What is the process of Eukaryotic Transcription? - ANS✅✅2. TATA binding proteins bind to TATA
box promoters 2. Proteins help bind polymerase to DNA 3. RNA polymerase II binds to form
Transcription Initiation Complex.
Which of the following is TRUE of an Initiation tRNA - ANS✅✅A. Always methionine B. Finds AUG
start site C. Allows translation to start once large subunit binds
What kind of RNA codes for a protein? - ANS✅✅mRNA
Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA polymerase? - ANS✅✅first builds a
short strand of RNA
DNA is _________ to mRNA. mRNA is ____________ to protein. The enzyme that makes mRNA
is_______. - ANS✅✅Transcribed, Translated, RNA Polymerase II
What signals the cell to stop adding amino acids to a protein? - ANS✅✅Release factor
Which of the following processes or structures occur outside of the nucleus (and within the cytosol)?
- ANS✅✅Translation
Cells copy DNA to RNA through a process called what? - ANS✅✅Transcription
What is the name of the stretch of DNA where RNA polymerase binds? - ANS✅✅Promoter
What is the function of methylation? - ANS✅✅It blocks transcription
When does the sigma factor re-associate with the polymerase and be ready to bind back on at a
promotor site? - ANS✅✅when the polymerase is unbound
Transcription occurs in the _________ and Translation occurs in the________. - ANS✅✅nucleus ;
cytosol
Which of the following could you find in the EUKARYOTIC transcription process but NOT in
PROKARYOTIC processes? - ANS✅✅TATA binding protein
, What type of bond binds the bases of both strands of a DNA double helix? - ANS✅✅Hydrogen
Bond
Which of the following describes what a transcription regulator is? - ANS✅✅proteins that help up-
and down-regulate a genes expression
What component is responsible for stopping the lac operon transcription when bound to DNA? -
ANS✅✅Lac Repressor
. During DNA replication, methylation adds a methyl group to ________ which ______ transcription.
- ANS✅✅cytosine; blocks
Gene expression has many levels of control. What level of control is the most important and without
it the other levels cannot happen? - ANS✅✅Transcriptional Contro
. During RNA splicing, RNPs bind to intron sequences and then the introns fold into what? -
ANS✅✅Lariat
Where are promoters typically found in DNA? - ANS✅✅Upstream of the coding region in a gene
When the Lac Operon is in the presence of lactose, will its genes be transcribed in large amounts or
small amounts? And Why? - ANS✅✅Could be either, because it depends on the glucose
concentration
. Which noncoding RNAs are complementary to target mRNAs? Choose all that apply. -
ANS✅✅miRNAs C. lnRNAs
Where are Okazaki fragments found in the building of DNA? - ANS✅✅They are the short stretches
of DNA found on the LAGGING STRAND
Which of these binds to the CAP activator on the Lac Operon? - ANS✅✅Cyclic AMP
