NURS 480 exam 2 Study Guide Questions And
Answers Verified 100% Correct
3rd degree heart block characteristics - ANSWER -ventricular & atrial rate:
- depends on rhythm
ventricular & atrial rhythm:
- irregular
QRS shape & duration:
- may be normal or abnormal
P wave:
- depends on underlying rhythm
PR interval:
- very irregular
P:QRS ratio:
- more P waves than QRS ratio
3rd degree heart block management - ANSWER -eliminate underlying cause
temporary pacing
atrial flutter characteristics - ANSWER -ventricular & atrial rate:
- atrial = 250-400 bpm
- ventricular = 75-150 bpm
ventricular & atrial rhythm:
- usually regular
QRS shape & duration:
- usually normal
P wave:
- saw-tooth shaped
PR interval:
,- difficult to determine
P:QRS ratio:
- 2:1, 3:1, 4:1
atrial flutter management - ANSWER -vagal maneuvers
trial administration of adenosine
- rapid IV infusion followed by 20 mL saline flush with arm elevated
risk factors for atrial fibrillation - ANSWER -increasing age
hypertension
diabetes
obesity
valvular heart disease
heart failure OSA
alcohol abuse
hyperthyroidism
MI
smoking
exercise
cardiothoracic surgery
increased pulse pressure
family hx
atrial fibrillation characteristics - ANSWER -ventricular & atrial rate:
- atrial = 300-600 bpm
- ventricular = 120-200 bpm
ventricular & atrial rhythm
- highly irregular
QRS shape & duration:
- usually normal
P wave:
- no discernable P waves
- irregular waves that vary in shape and altitude
PR interval:
- cannot be measured
, P:QRS ratio:
- many:1
atrial fibrillation management - ANSWER -Anti-coagulation meds
Beta-blockers (to control rate)
Cardioversion
ventricular fibrillation causes - ANSWER -CAD resulting in MI
untreated ventricular tachycardia
cardiomyopathy
valvular heart disease
acid-base imbalance
electrolyte imbalance
Brugada syndrome
ventricular fibrillation characteristics - ANSWER -ventricular rate:
- greater than 300 bpm
ventricular rhythm:
- extremely irregular
QRS shape & duration:
- irregular, undulating waves with changing amplitutes
ventricular fibrillation management - ANSWER -defibrillation
CPR
administration of amiodarone & epinephrine may facilitate spontaneous return of
pulse
premature ventricular contractions (PVC) causes - ANSWER -caffeine, nicotine,
alcohol
cardiac ischemia or infarction
increased workload on the heart
- heart failure
- tachycardia
digitalis toxicity
hypoxia
acidosis
hypokalemia
Answers Verified 100% Correct
3rd degree heart block characteristics - ANSWER -ventricular & atrial rate:
- depends on rhythm
ventricular & atrial rhythm:
- irregular
QRS shape & duration:
- may be normal or abnormal
P wave:
- depends on underlying rhythm
PR interval:
- very irregular
P:QRS ratio:
- more P waves than QRS ratio
3rd degree heart block management - ANSWER -eliminate underlying cause
temporary pacing
atrial flutter characteristics - ANSWER -ventricular & atrial rate:
- atrial = 250-400 bpm
- ventricular = 75-150 bpm
ventricular & atrial rhythm:
- usually regular
QRS shape & duration:
- usually normal
P wave:
- saw-tooth shaped
PR interval:
,- difficult to determine
P:QRS ratio:
- 2:1, 3:1, 4:1
atrial flutter management - ANSWER -vagal maneuvers
trial administration of adenosine
- rapid IV infusion followed by 20 mL saline flush with arm elevated
risk factors for atrial fibrillation - ANSWER -increasing age
hypertension
diabetes
obesity
valvular heart disease
heart failure OSA
alcohol abuse
hyperthyroidism
MI
smoking
exercise
cardiothoracic surgery
increased pulse pressure
family hx
atrial fibrillation characteristics - ANSWER -ventricular & atrial rate:
- atrial = 300-600 bpm
- ventricular = 120-200 bpm
ventricular & atrial rhythm
- highly irregular
QRS shape & duration:
- usually normal
P wave:
- no discernable P waves
- irregular waves that vary in shape and altitude
PR interval:
- cannot be measured
, P:QRS ratio:
- many:1
atrial fibrillation management - ANSWER -Anti-coagulation meds
Beta-blockers (to control rate)
Cardioversion
ventricular fibrillation causes - ANSWER -CAD resulting in MI
untreated ventricular tachycardia
cardiomyopathy
valvular heart disease
acid-base imbalance
electrolyte imbalance
Brugada syndrome
ventricular fibrillation characteristics - ANSWER -ventricular rate:
- greater than 300 bpm
ventricular rhythm:
- extremely irregular
QRS shape & duration:
- irregular, undulating waves with changing amplitutes
ventricular fibrillation management - ANSWER -defibrillation
CPR
administration of amiodarone & epinephrine may facilitate spontaneous return of
pulse
premature ventricular contractions (PVC) causes - ANSWER -caffeine, nicotine,
alcohol
cardiac ischemia or infarction
increased workload on the heart
- heart failure
- tachycardia
digitalis toxicity
hypoxia
acidosis
hypokalemia
