PHARMACOLOGY BSN 315 HESI MIDTERM PRACTICE 2025

PHARMACOLOGY BSN 315 HESI MIDTERM PRACTICE 2025 A client who was prescribed atorvastatin (lipitor) one month ago calls the triage nurse at the clinic complaining of muscle pain and weakness in his legs. Which statement reflects the correct drug-specific teaching the nurse should provide to this client? - correct ans-make an appointment to see the healthcare provider, because muscle pain may be an indication of a serious side effect. The nurse is preparing the 0900 dose of losartan (cozaar), an angiotensin ii receptor blocker (arb), for a client with hypertension and heart failure. The nurse reviews the client's laboratory results and notes that the client's serum potassium level is 5.9 meq/l. What action should the nurse take first? - correct ans-withhold the scheduled dose A peak and trough level must be drawn for a client receiving antibiotic therapy. What is the optimum time for the nurse to obtain the trough level? - correct ans-immediately before the next antibiotic dose is given Which change in data indicates to the nurse that the desired effect of the angiotensin ii receptor antagonist valsartan (diovan) has been achieved? - correct ans-blood pressure reduced from 160/90 to 130/80 A medication that is classified as a beta-1 agonist is most commonly prescribed for a client with which condition? - correct ans-heart failure A client is receiving methylprednisolone (solu-medrol) 40 mg iv daily. The nurse anticipates an increase in which laboratory value as the result of this medication? - correct ans-serum glucose A client receiving albuterol (proventil) tablets complains of nausea every evening with her 9:00 p.m. Dose. What action can the nurse take to alleviate this side effect? - correct ans-administer the dose with a snack A client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing for possible myasthenia gravis. The nurse prepares for intravenous administration of edrophonium chloride (tensilon). What is the expected outcome for this client following administration of this pharmacologic agent? - correct ans-decreased muscle weakness In teaching a client who had a liver transplant about cyclosporine (sandimmune), the nurse should encourage the client to report which adverse response to the healthcare provider? - correct ans-presence of hand tremors Pharmacology Pharmacology A client is taking hydromorphone (dilaudid) po q4h at home. Following surgery, dilaudid iv q4h prn and butorphanol tartrate (stadol) iv q4h prn are prescribed for pain. The client received a dose of the dilaudid iv four hours ago, and is again requesting pain medication. What intervention should the nurse implement? - correct ans-administer only the dilaudid q4h prn for pain. The healthcare provider prescribes naproxen (naproxen) twice daily for a client with osteoarthritis of the hands. The client tells the nurse that the drug does not seem to be effective after three weeks. Which is the best response for the nurse to provide? - correct ans-another type of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug may be indicated Which client should the nurse identify as being at highest risk for complications during the use of an opioid analgesic? - correct ans-a young adult with inflammatory bowel disease A client receiving doxorubicin (adriamycin) intravenously (iv) complains of pain at the insertion site, and the nurse notes edema at the site. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement? - correct ans-discontinue iv fluids A client is receiving metoprolol (lopressor sr, nu-metop). What assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain? - correct ans-blood pressure A client asks the nurse if glipizide (glucotrol) is an oral insulin. Which response should the nurse provide? - correct ans-"no, it is not an oral insulin and can be used only when some beta cell function is present." A client is admitted to the coronary care unit with a medical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Which medication prescription decreases both preload and afterload? - correct ans-nitroglycerin Which nursing intervention is most important when caring for a client receiving the antimetabolite cytosine arabinoside (arc-c) for chemotherapy? - correct ans-inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations A 43-year-old female client is receiving thyroid replacement hormone following a thyroidectomy. What adverse effects associated with thyroid hormone toxicity should the nurse instruct the client to report promptly to the healthcare provider? - correct ans tachycardia and chest pain An adult client has prescriptions for morphine sulfate 2.5 mg iv q6h and ketorolac (toradol) 30 mg iv q6h. Which action should the nurse implement? - correct ans administer both medications according to the prescription Upon admission to the emergency center, an adult client with acute status asthmaticus is prescribed this series of medications. In which order should the nurse administer the Pharmacology Pharmacology prescribed medications? (arrange from first to last.) - correct ans-1. Albuterol (proventil) puffs 2. Salmeterol (serevent diskus) 3. Prednisone (deltasone) orally 4. Gentamicin (garamycin) im Which drug is used as a palliative treatment for a client with tumor-induced spinal cord compression? - correct ans-dexamethason (decadron) Which dosing schedule should the nurse teach the client to observe for a controlled release oxycodone prescription? - correct ans-every 12 hours Which symptoms are serious adverse effects of beta-adrenergic blockers such as propranolol (inderal)? - correct ans-wheezing, hypotension, and av block In evaluating the effects of lactulose (cephulac), which outcome would indicate that the drug is performing as intended? - correct ans-two or three soft stools per day A client with giardiasis is taking metronidazole (flagyl) 2 grams po. Which information should the nurse include in the client's instruction? - correct ans-take the medication with food Which nursing diagnosis is important to include in the plan of care for a client receiving the angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist irbesartan (avapro)? - correct ans-risk for injury An older client with a decreased percentage of lean body mass is likely to receive a prescription that is adjusted based on which pharmacokinetic process? - correct ans distribution Which antidiarrheal agent should be used with caution in clients taking high dosages of aspirin for arthritis? - correct ans-bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol) A client is receiving clonidine (catapres) 0.1 mg/24hr via transdermal patch. Which assessment finding indicates that the desired effect of the medication has been achieved? - correct ans-blood presssure has changed from 180/120 to 140/70 mmhg A client who has been taking levodopa po tid to control the symptoms of parkinson's disease has a new prescription for sustained release levodopa/carbidopa (sinemet 25/100) po bid. The client took his levodopa at 0800. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? - correct ans-"you can begin taking the sinemet this evening, but do not take any more levodopa" A client is receiving ampicillin sodium (omnipen) for a sinus infection. The nurse should instruct the client to notify the healthcare provider immediately if which symptom occurs? - correct ans-rash Pharmacology Pharmacology Dobutamine (dobutrex) is an emergency drug most commonly prescribed for a client with which condition? - correct ans-heart failure A client with hyperlipidemia receives a prescription for niacin (niaspan). Which client teaching is most important for the nurse to provide? - correct ans-expected duration of flushing The nurse is assessing the effectiveness of high dose aspirin therapy for an 88-year-old client with arthritis. The client reports that she can't hear the nurse's questions because her ears are ringing. What action should the nurse implement? - correct ans-notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately A client with heart failure (hf) is being discharged with a new prescription for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor captopril (capoten). The nurse's discharge instruction should include reporting which problem to the healthcare provider? - correct ans-dizziness A client with heart failure is prescribed spironolactone (aldactone). Which information is most important for the nurse to provide to the client about diet modifications? - correct ans-refrain for eating food high in potassium Which action is most important for the nurse to implement prior to the administration of the antiarrhythmic drug adenosine (adenocard)? - correct ans-apply continuous cardiac monitoring A client with coronary artery disease who is taking digoxin (lanoxin) receives a new prescription for atorvastatin (lipitor). Two weeks after initiation of the lipitor prescription, the nurse assesses the client. Which finding requires the most immediate intervention? - correct ans-vomiting After abdominal surgery, a male client is prescribed low molecular weight heparin (lmwh). During administration of the medication, the client asks the nurse why he is receiving this medication. Which is the best response for the nurse to provide? - correct ans-this medication is a blood thinner given to prevent blood clot formation A female client with rheumatoid arthritis take ibuprofen (motrin) 600 mg po 4 times a day. To prevent gastrointestinal bleeding, misoprostol (cytotec) 100 mcg po is prescribed. Which information is most important for the nurse to include in client teaching? - correct ans-use contraception during intercourse A client is receiving digoxin for the onset of supraventricular tachycardia (svt). Which laboratory finding should the nurse identify that places this client at risk? - correct ans hypokalemia A client's dose of isosorbide dinitrate (imdur) is increased from 40 mg to 60 mg po daily. When the client reports the onset of a headache prior to the next scheduled dose, which Pharmacology Pharmacology action should the nurse implement? - correct ans-administer the 60 mg dose of imdur and a prn dose of acetaminophen A client is being treated for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (ptu). The nurse knows that the action of this drug is to - correct ans-inhibit synthesis of t3 and t4 by the thyroid gland A client has myxedema, which results from a deficiency of thyroid hormone synthesis in adults. The nurse knows that which medication would be contraindicated for this client? - correct ans-pentobarbital sodium (nembutal sodium) for sleep When assessing an adolescent who recently overdosed on acetaminophen (tylenol), it is most important for the nurse to assess for pain in which area of the body? - correct ans-abdomen While taking a nursing history, the client states, "i am allergic to penicillin." what related allergy to another type of antiinfective agent should the nurse ask the client about when taking the nursing history? - correct ans-cephalosporins A postoperative client has been receiving a continuous iv infusion of meperidine (demerol) 35 mg/hr for four days. The client has a prn prescription for demerol 100 mg po q3h. The nurse notes that the client has become increasingly restless, irritable and confused, stating that there are bugs all over the walls. What action should the nurse take first? - correct ans-decrease the iv infusion rate of the meperidine (demerol) per protocol Before administering a laxative to a bedfast patient, it is most important for the nurs