PATHO EXAM TEST BANK 3 2025/2026 WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
|CURRENTLY TESTING QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED
A+|NEWEST|BRAND NEW VERSION
!!|GUARANTEED PASS
A client is experiencing severe chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerine. Which diagnostic testing
supports the possibility of a myocardial infarction instead of unstable angina?
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) results exhibit a depressed ST segment
2. Coronary artery calcium computerized tomography (CT) scan shows calcification
3. An ambulatory ECG is positive for cardiac stress
4. Blood tests indicate elevation of specific enzymes
4. Blood tests indicate elevation of specific enzymes
The nurse is assessing a client with pericarditis. Which assessment findings indicate pericarditis?
Select all that apply.
1. Flat neck veins
2. Increased blood pressure
3. Muffled or distant heart sounds
4. Pericardial friction rub
5. Dyspnea
3. Muffled or distant heart sounds
4. Pericardial friction rub
5. Dyspnea
The nurse is caring for four clients with chest pain. Which client is treated for infective
endocarditis?
Select all that apply.
1. The client with a dental implant
2. The client who shows elevated ST segment in the electrocardiogram reading
3. The client who has a swollen neck vein
1|Page
,4. The client who has a scratchy sound through the stethoscope upon examination
5. The client with a pacemaker
1. the client with a dental implant
5. the client with a pacemaker
Infective endocarditis is an infection caused by bacteria. Clients
with dental implants and pacemakers are at a high risk of developing this condition.
Which are the clinical manifestations in clients with infective endocarditis? Select all that apply.
1. Petechiae
2. Janeway lesions
3. S3 gallop rhythm
4. Lymphadenopathy
5. Pericardial friction rub
1. Petechiae
2. Janeway lesions
1. Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac preload?
1. Cardiac afterload is the volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole.
2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must overcome.
3. Cardiac afterload is the factor that affects cardiac output.
4. Cardiac afterload is the amount of blood that enters the right atrium.
2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must overcome
In which manner does the heart function when a client is diagnosed with heart failure?
1. The decrease in preload causes high blood volume, filling the ventricle.
2. The ventricular muscle pumps out the excess blood.
3. The stroke volume decreases when the ventricle ejects its blood.
4. The contractility and stroke volume decrease.
4. The contractility and stroke volume decrease.
Increased preload in HF decreases contractility and SV
Which condition is the initial cause of an afterload increase in the right ventricle?
1. Cirrhosis of the liver
2. Pulmonary hypertension
3. Elevated systolic pressure
4. Blocked coronary arteries
2|Page
,2. Pulmonary hypertension
PH causes an afterload increase in the R ventricle because of the force needed to overcome
the pressure in the lungs.
The registered nurse is reviewing information with coronary staff nurses about the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Which statement made by an attending nurse
indicates understanding?
1. "RAAS is a mechanism that regulates arterial blood pressure."
2. "RAAS is a mechanism that decreases blood pressure."
3. "RAAS is a mechanism that increases blood volume in response to increased renal
perfusion."
4. "RAAS is a mechanism with detrimental effects that decrease workload for the left
ventricle."
1. "RAAS is a mechanism that regulates arterial blood pressure."
Which pathology is a cause specifically for right ventricle failure (RVF)?
1. Pulmonary emboli
2. Endocarditis
3. Myocarditis
4. Rheumatic fever
1. Pulmonary Emboli
An embolus
lodged in the pulmonary artery suddenly raises pressure within the pulmonary
artery. This acute rise in pulmonary artery pressure places an overwhelming
amount of resistance against the right ventricle, causing acute RVF.
Which statements are true regarding cardiac contractility? Select all that apply.
1. Cardiac contractility is the ability of the myocardium to stretch and contract.
2. The muscle filaments may be unable to change the force of contraction.
3. The stroke volume decreases as the preload increases.
4. The contractility can also be influenced by preload.
5. The heart's workload increases as afterload increases.
1. Cardiac contractility is the ability of the myocardium to stretch and contract.
4. The contractility can also be influenced by preload.
5. The heart's workload increases as afterload increases.
3|Page
, Which event needs to be ruled out in a client who has a long-standing history of mitral valve
stenosis
and presents with tachycardia, an irregular pulse, and left-sided weakness?
1. Ischemic stroke
2. Myocardial ischemia
3. Left ventricular ischemia
4. Right ventricular failure
1. Ischemic Stroke
The nurse is providing care for an older adult client after a left knee joint replacement. The
client is
resisting offers for frequent assisted ambulation. Which manifestation during assessment causes
the
nurse to suspect the formation of a deep venous thrombus?
1. Reports of pain in the left leg
2. Palpable warmth over a leg vein
3. Pain when the left ankle is flexed
4. Severe pain during ambulation
2. Palpable warmth over a leg vein
The nurse is performing a medical and physical assessment on a new client. The client is
overweight
and admits to a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse palpates pulses on the lower leg, the legs are
warm to
touch, and a normal capillary refill is present. In addition, there is an open wound medially on
the
ankle of one leg. Which condition does the nurse identify?
1. Skin breakdown related to poor hygiene
2. Pressure injury related to low activity
3. Arterial obstruction related to weight
4. An ulcer from venous insufficiency
4. An ulcer from venous insufficiency
An older adult client is seen at the clinic with skin inflammation. There is dusky discoloration
around the ankle and in the lower leg of the client. What might be the cause of this condition?
1. Reduced blood pressure in the veins
2. Insufficient oxygenation to the tissues
4|Page
ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
|CURRENTLY TESTING QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED
A+|NEWEST|BRAND NEW VERSION
!!|GUARANTEED PASS
A client is experiencing severe chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerine. Which diagnostic testing
supports the possibility of a myocardial infarction instead of unstable angina?
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) results exhibit a depressed ST segment
2. Coronary artery calcium computerized tomography (CT) scan shows calcification
3. An ambulatory ECG is positive for cardiac stress
4. Blood tests indicate elevation of specific enzymes
4. Blood tests indicate elevation of specific enzymes
The nurse is assessing a client with pericarditis. Which assessment findings indicate pericarditis?
Select all that apply.
1. Flat neck veins
2. Increased blood pressure
3. Muffled or distant heart sounds
4. Pericardial friction rub
5. Dyspnea
3. Muffled or distant heart sounds
4. Pericardial friction rub
5. Dyspnea
The nurse is caring for four clients with chest pain. Which client is treated for infective
endocarditis?
Select all that apply.
1. The client with a dental implant
2. The client who shows elevated ST segment in the electrocardiogram reading
3. The client who has a swollen neck vein
1|Page
,4. The client who has a scratchy sound through the stethoscope upon examination
5. The client with a pacemaker
1. the client with a dental implant
5. the client with a pacemaker
Infective endocarditis is an infection caused by bacteria. Clients
with dental implants and pacemakers are at a high risk of developing this condition.
Which are the clinical manifestations in clients with infective endocarditis? Select all that apply.
1. Petechiae
2. Janeway lesions
3. S3 gallop rhythm
4. Lymphadenopathy
5. Pericardial friction rub
1. Petechiae
2. Janeway lesions
1. Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac preload?
1. Cardiac afterload is the volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole.
2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must overcome.
3. Cardiac afterload is the factor that affects cardiac output.
4. Cardiac afterload is the amount of blood that enters the right atrium.
2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must overcome
In which manner does the heart function when a client is diagnosed with heart failure?
1. The decrease in preload causes high blood volume, filling the ventricle.
2. The ventricular muscle pumps out the excess blood.
3. The stroke volume decreases when the ventricle ejects its blood.
4. The contractility and stroke volume decrease.
4. The contractility and stroke volume decrease.
Increased preload in HF decreases contractility and SV
Which condition is the initial cause of an afterload increase in the right ventricle?
1. Cirrhosis of the liver
2. Pulmonary hypertension
3. Elevated systolic pressure
4. Blocked coronary arteries
2|Page
,2. Pulmonary hypertension
PH causes an afterload increase in the R ventricle because of the force needed to overcome
the pressure in the lungs.
The registered nurse is reviewing information with coronary staff nurses about the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Which statement made by an attending nurse
indicates understanding?
1. "RAAS is a mechanism that regulates arterial blood pressure."
2. "RAAS is a mechanism that decreases blood pressure."
3. "RAAS is a mechanism that increases blood volume in response to increased renal
perfusion."
4. "RAAS is a mechanism with detrimental effects that decrease workload for the left
ventricle."
1. "RAAS is a mechanism that regulates arterial blood pressure."
Which pathology is a cause specifically for right ventricle failure (RVF)?
1. Pulmonary emboli
2. Endocarditis
3. Myocarditis
4. Rheumatic fever
1. Pulmonary Emboli
An embolus
lodged in the pulmonary artery suddenly raises pressure within the pulmonary
artery. This acute rise in pulmonary artery pressure places an overwhelming
amount of resistance against the right ventricle, causing acute RVF.
Which statements are true regarding cardiac contractility? Select all that apply.
1. Cardiac contractility is the ability of the myocardium to stretch and contract.
2. The muscle filaments may be unable to change the force of contraction.
3. The stroke volume decreases as the preload increases.
4. The contractility can also be influenced by preload.
5. The heart's workload increases as afterload increases.
1. Cardiac contractility is the ability of the myocardium to stretch and contract.
4. The contractility can also be influenced by preload.
5. The heart's workload increases as afterload increases.
3|Page
, Which event needs to be ruled out in a client who has a long-standing history of mitral valve
stenosis
and presents with tachycardia, an irregular pulse, and left-sided weakness?
1. Ischemic stroke
2. Myocardial ischemia
3. Left ventricular ischemia
4. Right ventricular failure
1. Ischemic Stroke
The nurse is providing care for an older adult client after a left knee joint replacement. The
client is
resisting offers for frequent assisted ambulation. Which manifestation during assessment causes
the
nurse to suspect the formation of a deep venous thrombus?
1. Reports of pain in the left leg
2. Palpable warmth over a leg vein
3. Pain when the left ankle is flexed
4. Severe pain during ambulation
2. Palpable warmth over a leg vein
The nurse is performing a medical and physical assessment on a new client. The client is
overweight
and admits to a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse palpates pulses on the lower leg, the legs are
warm to
touch, and a normal capillary refill is present. In addition, there is an open wound medially on
the
ankle of one leg. Which condition does the nurse identify?
1. Skin breakdown related to poor hygiene
2. Pressure injury related to low activity
3. Arterial obstruction related to weight
4. An ulcer from venous insufficiency
4. An ulcer from venous insufficiency
An older adult client is seen at the clinic with skin inflammation. There is dusky discoloration
around the ankle and in the lower leg of the client. What might be the cause of this condition?
1. Reduced blood pressure in the veins
2. Insufficient oxygenation to the tissues
4|Page
