PHC 4069 Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest 2025-2026
A variable measured the number of school programs a high school student participates in.
This variable type is
[ Select ] ["Quantitative", "Qualitative"]
This variable's categorization is [ Select ] ["Interval", "Ordinal", "Ratio", "Nominal"] - Answers
Variable: Quantitive
Categorization: Ratio
A variable measured what was the highest level of degree someone has earned, the variable has
the following values: High School, Bachelor, Masters, PhD
This variable type is
[ Select ] ["Quantitative", "Qualitative"]
This variable's categorization is
[ Select ] ["Nominal", "Interval", "Ratio", "Ordinal"] - Answers Variable: Qualitative
Categorization: Ordinal
Based on the following research question:
Does having diabetes lead to people increasing the average number of servings of fruit they
normally eat per day?
The variable average number of servings of fruit eaten per day is the Dependent Variable
The variable having diabetes is the Independent Variable - Answers Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Based on the following research question:
Does playing video games make someone more likely to pursue a degree in a STEM field?
, The variable do you play video games
[ Select ] ["Independent Variable", "Dependent Variable"]
The variable pursuing a degree in a STEM field
[ Select ] ["Independent Variable", "Dependent Variable"] - Answers video games: independent
variable
STEM: dependent variable
A study is observational when the researcher lets things happen naturally. - Answers True
When the sample is selected by randomly selecting naturally occurring groups and then
selecting subjects from the those naturally occurring groups, what type of sampling is being
done? - Answers Cluster
When the sample is selected by using subjects that are most easily contacted, what type of
sampling is being done? - Answers Convenience
A student at a college administers a survey to estimate the average number of miles driven
weekly among on-campus students at USF. The student sends a questionnaire to 200 randomly
selected on-campus students, from a complete list of on-campus students provided by the
registrar. What type of sampling has occurred? - Answers Simple Random
If a researcher is given a list of all 51,000 students that go to the university and each student
has a 10% chance of being selected to participate in the study, what type of sampling has
occurred? - Answers Simple Random
Select all the studies where the explanatory variable is measured first and the outcome variable
is measured at a later time point. - Answers Cohort and Clinical Trial
A researcher is curious to see if GPA of a student influences their intent to apply for college. So
they ask their sample what is their current GPA and if they are going to apply for college. What
type of study design is this? - Answers Cross-Sectional
A researcher is curious to see if the amount of time spent on social media influences how often
friends meet in person to socialize. After their sample is selected the researcher asks the
subjects on average how much time they spend on social media each day and then asks their
subjects to keep track of how many times they meet in person with their friends to socialize and
report back at the end of the month. What type of study design is this? - Answers Cohort
A survey where a large portion of those under the age of 25 in the sample did not answer the
questions about drug use is an example of what type of bias? - Answers Non-response
A variable measured the number of school programs a high school student participates in.
This variable type is
[ Select ] ["Quantitative", "Qualitative"]
This variable's categorization is [ Select ] ["Interval", "Ordinal", "Ratio", "Nominal"] - Answers
Variable: Quantitive
Categorization: Ratio
A variable measured what was the highest level of degree someone has earned, the variable has
the following values: High School, Bachelor, Masters, PhD
This variable type is
[ Select ] ["Quantitative", "Qualitative"]
This variable's categorization is
[ Select ] ["Nominal", "Interval", "Ratio", "Ordinal"] - Answers Variable: Qualitative
Categorization: Ordinal
Based on the following research question:
Does having diabetes lead to people increasing the average number of servings of fruit they
normally eat per day?
The variable average number of servings of fruit eaten per day is the Dependent Variable
The variable having diabetes is the Independent Variable - Answers Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Based on the following research question:
Does playing video games make someone more likely to pursue a degree in a STEM field?
, The variable do you play video games
[ Select ] ["Independent Variable", "Dependent Variable"]
The variable pursuing a degree in a STEM field
[ Select ] ["Independent Variable", "Dependent Variable"] - Answers video games: independent
variable
STEM: dependent variable
A study is observational when the researcher lets things happen naturally. - Answers True
When the sample is selected by randomly selecting naturally occurring groups and then
selecting subjects from the those naturally occurring groups, what type of sampling is being
done? - Answers Cluster
When the sample is selected by using subjects that are most easily contacted, what type of
sampling is being done? - Answers Convenience
A student at a college administers a survey to estimate the average number of miles driven
weekly among on-campus students at USF. The student sends a questionnaire to 200 randomly
selected on-campus students, from a complete list of on-campus students provided by the
registrar. What type of sampling has occurred? - Answers Simple Random
If a researcher is given a list of all 51,000 students that go to the university and each student
has a 10% chance of being selected to participate in the study, what type of sampling has
occurred? - Answers Simple Random
Select all the studies where the explanatory variable is measured first and the outcome variable
is measured at a later time point. - Answers Cohort and Clinical Trial
A researcher is curious to see if GPA of a student influences their intent to apply for college. So
they ask their sample what is their current GPA and if they are going to apply for college. What
type of study design is this? - Answers Cross-Sectional
A researcher is curious to see if the amount of time spent on social media influences how often
friends meet in person to socialize. After their sample is selected the researcher asks the
subjects on average how much time they spend on social media each day and then asks their
subjects to keep track of how many times they meet in person with their friends to socialize and
report back at the end of the month. What type of study design is this? - Answers Cohort
A survey where a large portion of those under the age of 25 in the sample did not answer the
questions about drug use is an example of what type of bias? - Answers Non-response
