Biology 1407 exam test quizzes and
answers graded A+
Whole mount - ANS✅✅represents the entire organism
cross section - ANS✅✅represents a thin section of the organism or a structure that is
perpendicular to the long axis of the organism
longitudinal section - ANS✅✅represents a thin section of the length of the structure or organism
criteria for a scientific drawing - ANS✅✅1. the size of the specimen (note the total magnification)
2. the type of specimen or preparation (whole mount, cross section, longitudinal section)
3. identification of the organism
4. description of the organism
5. label particular structures, cells, or regions of the specimen
6. annotations of things that cannot be seen on the diagram
habit sketches - ANS✅✅used to illustrate a portion of, or an entire organism
low plan drawings - ANS✅✅shows the basic plan of regions or sections of specimens
high power detailed drawings - ANS✅✅used to show detailed cells within a section of a specimen
formula to find total magnification - ANS✅✅(magnification of objective lens) x (magnification of
ocular lens)
taxon - ANS✅✅a biological group
branch point - ANS✅✅point on a cladogram where one lineage splits into two lineages
character - ANS✅✅an observable trait in a taxa on a cladogram used to determine relationships
among those taxa based on shared characters
, plesiomorphy - ANS✅✅ancestral characteristic that's possessed by the common ancestor and all
descending taxa
apomorphy - ANS✅✅a new characteristic that is different from the ancestral characteristic
synapomorphy - ANS✅✅a new characteristic (apomorphy) that is shared by two or more taxa on a
cladogram
autapomorphy - ANS✅✅a new characteristic (apomorphy) that only occurs in one taxon
homoplasy - ANS✅✅a shared characteristic that arose independently in different lineages
reversal - ANS✅✅a situation where a characteristic reverts from its new form back to the ancestral
state
monophyletic clade - ANS✅✅comprised of one common ancestor and all of its descendants
paraphyletic clade - ANS✅✅consists of one common ancestor and some, but not all of its
descendants
polyphyletic clade - ANS✅✅consists of multiple distantly related taxa that don't share a common
ancestor
biotic - ANS✅✅living
abiotic - ANS✅✅non living
species diversity - ANS✅✅-(relative abundance) x (natural log of the relative abundance)
species richness - ANS✅✅a measure of the actual number of all the species within a community
answers graded A+
Whole mount - ANS✅✅represents the entire organism
cross section - ANS✅✅represents a thin section of the organism or a structure that is
perpendicular to the long axis of the organism
longitudinal section - ANS✅✅represents a thin section of the length of the structure or organism
criteria for a scientific drawing - ANS✅✅1. the size of the specimen (note the total magnification)
2. the type of specimen or preparation (whole mount, cross section, longitudinal section)
3. identification of the organism
4. description of the organism
5. label particular structures, cells, or regions of the specimen
6. annotations of things that cannot be seen on the diagram
habit sketches - ANS✅✅used to illustrate a portion of, or an entire organism
low plan drawings - ANS✅✅shows the basic plan of regions or sections of specimens
high power detailed drawings - ANS✅✅used to show detailed cells within a section of a specimen
formula to find total magnification - ANS✅✅(magnification of objective lens) x (magnification of
ocular lens)
taxon - ANS✅✅a biological group
branch point - ANS✅✅point on a cladogram where one lineage splits into two lineages
character - ANS✅✅an observable trait in a taxa on a cladogram used to determine relationships
among those taxa based on shared characters
, plesiomorphy - ANS✅✅ancestral characteristic that's possessed by the common ancestor and all
descending taxa
apomorphy - ANS✅✅a new characteristic that is different from the ancestral characteristic
synapomorphy - ANS✅✅a new characteristic (apomorphy) that is shared by two or more taxa on a
cladogram
autapomorphy - ANS✅✅a new characteristic (apomorphy) that only occurs in one taxon
homoplasy - ANS✅✅a shared characteristic that arose independently in different lineages
reversal - ANS✅✅a situation where a characteristic reverts from its new form back to the ancestral
state
monophyletic clade - ANS✅✅comprised of one common ancestor and all of its descendants
paraphyletic clade - ANS✅✅consists of one common ancestor and some, but not all of its
descendants
polyphyletic clade - ANS✅✅consists of multiple distantly related taxa that don't share a common
ancestor
biotic - ANS✅✅living
abiotic - ANS✅✅non living
species diversity - ANS✅✅-(relative abundance) x (natural log of the relative abundance)
species richness - ANS✅✅a measure of the actual number of all the species within a community
