SFSU BIO 240 EXAM 3
altruism - ANSWERS-any behavior that increases the fitness of
another individual at the cost of one's own fitness
amnion - ANSWERS-membrane that closely covers the embryo.
amniotic egg protects and nourished the embryo.
amniota - ANSWERS-tetrapods with terrestrial adaptations. reptiles,
birds, and mammals. relatively impermeable skin and ability to use
rib cage to ventilate lungs.
amphibia - ANSWERS-"two-lives." warm/moist climate.
metamorphosis — aquatic larva -> terrestrial adult. main clades:
urodela (salamanders w tails), anura (frogs/toads no tails), apoda
(caecilians legless fossorial animals). skin as respiratory organ. toxins
in skin. use throat to ventilate lungs.
archenteron - ANSWERS-primary gut that forms during the
gastrulation of a zygote, develops into the endoderm and mesoderm of
an animal.
archosauria - ANSWERS-dinosaurs, crocodiles, birds. monophyletic
group with similar bone morphology. crocodilians - basal archosaurs.
dinosaurs- evidence of prenatal care/endothermy evolved in dinosaurs
(one of these lineages became birds)
, aves - ANSWERS-birds- extant dinosaurs. birds/reptiles shared
characters = jaw bone structure (5 fused bones), scales, egg structure
(same membranes and structures including egg tooth). toothless,
hollow-boned, bipedal, streamlined, feathered, endothermic,
vertebrate w/ fast metabolism.
bilateria - ANSWERS-triploblasts. animals with bilateral symmetry.
head/tail (cephalization). separate mouth/anus. true coelom.
bivalves - ANSWERS-clams, oysters, mussels, scallops. shell with 2
halves. mantle cavity contains gills used for feeding and gas
exchange. no radula. most are suspension feeders, some have
tentacles and eyes.
blastopore - ANSWERS-the opening of the central cavity of an
embryo in the early stage of development.
blastula - ANSWERS-hollow ball of cells during the early stage of
mitotic undifferentiated cell division.
cephalopod - ANSWERS-cephalo = head. chitin-based beak-like jaws
surrounded by tentacles derived form modified foot. only mollusks
with closed circulatory system. siphon. complex eyes.
chromatophores.
choanoflagellates - ANSWERS-unicellular. colonial. closest living
relatives to animals. resemble choanocytes
altruism - ANSWERS-any behavior that increases the fitness of
another individual at the cost of one's own fitness
amnion - ANSWERS-membrane that closely covers the embryo.
amniotic egg protects and nourished the embryo.
amniota - ANSWERS-tetrapods with terrestrial adaptations. reptiles,
birds, and mammals. relatively impermeable skin and ability to use
rib cage to ventilate lungs.
amphibia - ANSWERS-"two-lives." warm/moist climate.
metamorphosis — aquatic larva -> terrestrial adult. main clades:
urodela (salamanders w tails), anura (frogs/toads no tails), apoda
(caecilians legless fossorial animals). skin as respiratory organ. toxins
in skin. use throat to ventilate lungs.
archenteron - ANSWERS-primary gut that forms during the
gastrulation of a zygote, develops into the endoderm and mesoderm of
an animal.
archosauria - ANSWERS-dinosaurs, crocodiles, birds. monophyletic
group with similar bone morphology. crocodilians - basal archosaurs.
dinosaurs- evidence of prenatal care/endothermy evolved in dinosaurs
(one of these lineages became birds)
, aves - ANSWERS-birds- extant dinosaurs. birds/reptiles shared
characters = jaw bone structure (5 fused bones), scales, egg structure
(same membranes and structures including egg tooth). toothless,
hollow-boned, bipedal, streamlined, feathered, endothermic,
vertebrate w/ fast metabolism.
bilateria - ANSWERS-triploblasts. animals with bilateral symmetry.
head/tail (cephalization). separate mouth/anus. true coelom.
bivalves - ANSWERS-clams, oysters, mussels, scallops. shell with 2
halves. mantle cavity contains gills used for feeding and gas
exchange. no radula. most are suspension feeders, some have
tentacles and eyes.
blastopore - ANSWERS-the opening of the central cavity of an
embryo in the early stage of development.
blastula - ANSWERS-hollow ball of cells during the early stage of
mitotic undifferentiated cell division.
cephalopod - ANSWERS-cephalo = head. chitin-based beak-like jaws
surrounded by tentacles derived form modified foot. only mollusks
with closed circulatory system. siphon. complex eyes.
chromatophores.
choanoflagellates - ANSWERS-unicellular. colonial. closest living
relatives to animals. resemble choanocytes
