PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
pc pc pc pc pc
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
pc pc pc pc pc p
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH ED(PATHOPHYSIOL
c pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
OGY 9TH EDITION) pc pc
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK pc pc pc pc pc
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
pc pc pc pc
pc
MULTIPLE CHOICE pc pc
pc
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. pc d. Cells can synthesize fats.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: C pc pc
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from thei
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
r surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
metabolic absorption. pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 2 pc pc pc
pc
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus pc pc pc
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: C pc pc
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do n
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ot contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 2 pc pc pc
pc
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidativ
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
e reaction?
pc pc
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes pc pc pc
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: B pc pc
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to rem
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes fro
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
m peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
pc pc pc pc
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted int
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
o the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. L
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nu
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
cleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 8 pc pc pc
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK pc pc pc pc pc
pc
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell i
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
njury? pc
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum pc pc pc pc pc
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes pc pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: D pc pc
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzy
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
mes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmi
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
c matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, ca
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
using cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Pages 7-8 pc pc pc
pc
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas c
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysoso
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
me for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membra
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ne. pc
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
me for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: A pc pc
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other o
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ptions do not correctly describe this process.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. G1 c. G2 pc pc pc
b. S d. M pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: B pc pc
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is th
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
e period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S p
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
hase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 ph
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
and cytoplasmic division.
pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 37 pc pc pc
pc
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as rece
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK pc pc pc pc pc
a. Lipids pc c. Proteins
pc pc
b. Proteases pc d. Carbohydrates
pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: C pc pc
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in an
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
d out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc p
ccalled ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; an
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
d (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other io
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ns, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular envir
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
onment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 13 | Page 15 pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
which human diseases?
pc pc pc pc
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders pc pc pc pc
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders pc pc pc pc
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders pc pc pc pc
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders pc pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: B pc pc
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug int
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
erventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, inc
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
luding cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
correctly describe this process. pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 15 pc pc pc
pc
9. Which structure prevents water-
pc pc pc
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? NURSINGTB.COM
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. Carbohydrate chains pc pc c. Membrane channel proteins
pc pc pc pc
b. Glycoprotein channels pc pc d. Lipid bilayer
pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: D pc pc
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membra
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ne. It is impermeable to most water-
pc pc pc pc pc pc
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc p
the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
c pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it r
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
eadily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Pages 12-13 pc pc pc
pc
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
pc pc pc pc pc
a. How a cell membrane functions pc pc pc pc pc
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
c. How tissue is differentiated pc pc pc pc
NURSINGTB.COM
pc pc pc pc pc
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
pc pc pc pc pc p
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH ED(PATHOPHYSIOL
c pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
OGY 9TH EDITION) pc pc
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK pc pc pc pc pc
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
pc pc pc pc
pc
MULTIPLE CHOICE pc pc
pc
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. pc d. Cells can synthesize fats.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: C pc pc
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from thei
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
r surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
metabolic absorption. pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 2 pc pc pc
pc
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus pc pc pc
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: C pc pc
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do n
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ot contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 2 pc pc pc
pc
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidativ
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
e reaction?
pc pc
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes pc pc pc
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: B pc pc
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to rem
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes fro
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
m peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
pc pc pc pc
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted int
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
o the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. L
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nu
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
cleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 8 pc pc pc
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK pc pc pc pc pc
pc
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell i
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
njury? pc
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum pc pc pc pc pc
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes pc pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: D pc pc
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzy
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
mes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmi
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
c matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, ca
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
using cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Pages 7-8 pc pc pc
pc
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas c
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysoso
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
me for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membra
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ne. pc
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
me for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: A pc pc
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other o
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ptions do not correctly describe this process.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. G1 c. G2 pc pc pc
b. S d. M pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: B pc pc
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is th
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
e period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S p
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
hase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 ph
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
and cytoplasmic division.
pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 37 pc pc pc
pc
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as rece
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK pc pc pc pc pc
a. Lipids pc c. Proteins
pc pc
b. Proteases pc d. Carbohydrates
pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: C pc pc
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in an
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
d out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc p
ccalled ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; an
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
d (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other io
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ns, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular envir
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
onment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 13 | Page 15 pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
which human diseases?
pc pc pc pc
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders pc pc pc pc
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders pc pc pc pc
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders pc pc pc pc
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders pc pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: B pc pc
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug int
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
erventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, inc
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
luding cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
correctly describe this process. pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Page 15 pc pc pc
pc
9. Which structure prevents water-
pc pc pc
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? NURSINGTB.COM
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
a. Carbohydrate chains pc pc c. Membrane channel proteins
pc pc pc pc
b. Glycoprotein channels pc pc d. Lipid bilayer
pc pc pc
pc
pc
ANS: D pc pc
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membra
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
ne. It is impermeable to most water-
pc pc pc pc pc pc
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc p
the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
c pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it r
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
eadily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
pc
PTS: 1 pc pc REF: Pages 12-13 pc pc pc
pc
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
pc pc pc pc pc
a. How a cell membrane functions pc pc pc pc pc
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
pc pc pc pc pc pc pc
c. How tissue is differentiated pc pc pc pc
NURSINGTB.COM
