NSG 430 EXAM 2 | TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE |
TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
What is acute decompensated heart failure (HF)? - Answer: A condition where
pulmonary venous pressure increases due to left ventricle failure, leading to pulmonary
vascular engorgement and decreased lung compliance.
What diagnostic tools are used to assess heart failure? - Answer: Echocardiogram,
ECG, ambulatory heart monitors, chest x-ray, 6-minute walk test, MUGA scan, cardiac
MRI, cardiac catheterization, endomyocardial biopsy, serum electrolytes, and NT-probnp
or BNP levels.
What are early signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure? - Answer:
Increased pulmonary venous pressure, mild increase in respiratory rate, and decreased
pao2.
What are the later signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure? -
Answer: Interstitial pulmonary edema, tachypnea, shortness of breath, respiratory
acidosis, and alveolar edema.
What is pulmonary edema and why is it life-threatening? - Answer: A condition where
alveoli fill with fluid, often associated with left-sided heart failure, leading to symptoms
like dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis.
What are common manifestations of heart failure? - Answer: Fatigue, dyspnea,
orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, tachycardia, palpitations, edema,
changes in urine output, skin changes, neurological manifestations, and weight
changes.
What interventions should be taken for patients with heart failure? - Answer: Assess
subjective and objective data, manage medications, implement a low sodium diet,
monitor vital signs, and provide ongoing assessment.
1
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,What is the significance of daily weight monitoring in heart failure patients? - Answer: A
weight gain of 3 lbs over 2 days or 3-5 lbs over a week should be reported to the
healthcare provider as it indicates potential fluid overload.
What are the treatment groups for heart failure presentations? - Answer: Patients are
categorized into dry-warm, dry-cold, wet-warm, and wet-cold based on their volume
status and perfusion.
What medications are commonly used in heart failure treatment? - Answer: Diuretics
(e.g., furosemide), vasodilators (e.g., IV nitroglycerin), morphine, and positive inotropes
(e.g., dopamine, dobutamine).
What complications can arise from heart failure? - Answer: Pleural effusion,
dysrhythmias, activity intolerance, fluid imbalance, impaired cardiac and respiratory
function, and cardiogenic shock.
What is cardiomyopathy? - Answer: A group of diseases that directly affect the
myocardium's structure and function, classified as primary (unknown cause) or
secondary (known cause).
What are the signs and symptoms of worsening heart failure? - Answer: Increased
dyspnea, orthopnea, cough, and changes in weight or edema.
What is the role of telehealth in heart failure management? - Answer: Telehealth allows
for remote monitoring and timely interventions to avoid re-hospitalization.
What is the importance of advanced directives in heart failure care? - Answer: They
guide end-of-life care discussions and decisions regarding advanced heart failure
therapies and palliative care.
What is the purpose of a high/semi-Fowler's position in heart failure patients? - Answer:
To improve respiratory function and ease breathing in patients experiencing dyspnea.
2
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, What are the signs of fluid overload in heart failure patients? - Answer: Edema, weight
gain, and increased blood pressure.
What is the significance of using accessory muscles in breathing for heart failure
patients? - Answer: It indicates increased respiratory effort due to difficulty breathing.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? - Answer: A sudden episode of shortness of
breath that occurs at night, often waking the patient from sleep.
What is the role of mechanical ventilation in heart failure management? - Answer: It is
used for unstable patients who cannot maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation.
What is ultrafiltration (aquapheresis) used for in heart failure patients? - Answer: To
remove excess fluid in patients with volume overload who are resistant to diuretics.
What are the common causes of secondary cardiomyopathy? - Answer: Known
myocardial diseases such as infections or other pathological processes.
What is the expected prognosis for heart failure patients? - Answer: The 5-year survival
rate varies but is often a focus of transitional care and disease management.
What lifestyle modifications are recommended for heart failure patients? - Answer: Low
sodium diet, fluid restrictions, and regular monitoring of weight and symptoms.
What are common causes of cardiomyopathy? - Answer: Cardiotoxic agents (alcohol,
cocaine, doxorubicin), coronary artery disease, hypertension, genetic factors, metabolic
disorders, muscular dystrophy, myocarditis, pregnancy, and valve disease.
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
What is acute decompensated heart failure (HF)? - Answer: A condition where
pulmonary venous pressure increases due to left ventricle failure, leading to pulmonary
vascular engorgement and decreased lung compliance.
What diagnostic tools are used to assess heart failure? - Answer: Echocardiogram,
ECG, ambulatory heart monitors, chest x-ray, 6-minute walk test, MUGA scan, cardiac
MRI, cardiac catheterization, endomyocardial biopsy, serum electrolytes, and NT-probnp
or BNP levels.
What are early signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure? - Answer:
Increased pulmonary venous pressure, mild increase in respiratory rate, and decreased
pao2.
What are the later signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure? -
Answer: Interstitial pulmonary edema, tachypnea, shortness of breath, respiratory
acidosis, and alveolar edema.
What is pulmonary edema and why is it life-threatening? - Answer: A condition where
alveoli fill with fluid, often associated with left-sided heart failure, leading to symptoms
like dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis.
What are common manifestations of heart failure? - Answer: Fatigue, dyspnea,
orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, tachycardia, palpitations, edema,
changes in urine output, skin changes, neurological manifestations, and weight
changes.
What interventions should be taken for patients with heart failure? - Answer: Assess
subjective and objective data, manage medications, implement a low sodium diet,
monitor vital signs, and provide ongoing assessment.
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,What is the significance of daily weight monitoring in heart failure patients? - Answer: A
weight gain of 3 lbs over 2 days or 3-5 lbs over a week should be reported to the
healthcare provider as it indicates potential fluid overload.
What are the treatment groups for heart failure presentations? - Answer: Patients are
categorized into dry-warm, dry-cold, wet-warm, and wet-cold based on their volume
status and perfusion.
What medications are commonly used in heart failure treatment? - Answer: Diuretics
(e.g., furosemide), vasodilators (e.g., IV nitroglycerin), morphine, and positive inotropes
(e.g., dopamine, dobutamine).
What complications can arise from heart failure? - Answer: Pleural effusion,
dysrhythmias, activity intolerance, fluid imbalance, impaired cardiac and respiratory
function, and cardiogenic shock.
What is cardiomyopathy? - Answer: A group of diseases that directly affect the
myocardium's structure and function, classified as primary (unknown cause) or
secondary (known cause).
What are the signs and symptoms of worsening heart failure? - Answer: Increased
dyspnea, orthopnea, cough, and changes in weight or edema.
What is the role of telehealth in heart failure management? - Answer: Telehealth allows
for remote monitoring and timely interventions to avoid re-hospitalization.
What is the importance of advanced directives in heart failure care? - Answer: They
guide end-of-life care discussions and decisions regarding advanced heart failure
therapies and palliative care.
What is the purpose of a high/semi-Fowler's position in heart failure patients? - Answer:
To improve respiratory function and ease breathing in patients experiencing dyspnea.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, What are the signs of fluid overload in heart failure patients? - Answer: Edema, weight
gain, and increased blood pressure.
What is the significance of using accessory muscles in breathing for heart failure
patients? - Answer: It indicates increased respiratory effort due to difficulty breathing.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? - Answer: A sudden episode of shortness of
breath that occurs at night, often waking the patient from sleep.
What is the role of mechanical ventilation in heart failure management? - Answer: It is
used for unstable patients who cannot maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation.
What is ultrafiltration (aquapheresis) used for in heart failure patients? - Answer: To
remove excess fluid in patients with volume overload who are resistant to diuretics.
What are the common causes of secondary cardiomyopathy? - Answer: Known
myocardial diseases such as infections or other pathological processes.
What is the expected prognosis for heart failure patients? - Answer: The 5-year survival
rate varies but is often a focus of transitional care and disease management.
What lifestyle modifications are recommended for heart failure patients? - Answer: Low
sodium diet, fluid restrictions, and regular monitoring of weight and symptoms.
What are common causes of cardiomyopathy? - Answer: Cardiotoxic agents (alcohol,
cocaine, doxorubicin), coronary artery disease, hypertension, genetic factors, metabolic
disorders, muscular dystrophy, myocarditis, pregnancy, and valve disease.
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
