NR 228 FINAL EXAM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 228 FINAL EXAM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Hepatitis A -Transmitted by fecal-oral route; often caused by poor handwashing or stool precautions; common in areas of poor sanitation. -Onset rapid within 4 to 6 weeks 2. Hepatitis B -Transmitted through contaminated blood and sexual contact; also perinatally -Onset slow approximately 12 weeks 3. Hepatitis C -Transmitted through blood, saliva, or semen -Onset slow approximately 8 weeks -Progression from Hep C -> cirrhosis 4. An inflammation of the liver that is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route - and has a rapid onset (4-6 weeks) Hepatitis A 5. An inflammation of the liver that is transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal mucus, saliva, and tears. Incubation time is about 12 weeks. Hepatitis B 6. An inflammation of the liver that is transmitted through contaminated blood, saliva, semen or blood exposure. Can progress to cirrhosis in about 10-40 years. Hepatitis C 7. An inflammation of the liver that can occur only if a person with Hepatitis B is exposed to this... 90% of people are likely to be asymptomatic. Hepatitis D 8. Transmitted via oral-fecal route, and is attributed to travel in tropical climates, inadequate sanitation, or poor personal hygiene. Hepatitis E 9. This is the presence of excess fat in feces. Steatorrhea 10. This condition is an early form of alcoholic liver disease, but can also be caused by obesity, complications of drug therapy, excessive parenteral nutrition, pregnancy, DM, inadequate intake of protein, infection or malignancy. Fatty Liver 11. This condition is an overly exuberant wound healing in which excessive connective tissue builds up in the liver. It causes no symptoms but can lead to portal hypertension. Hepatic Fibrosis 12. Condition where the liver cells are replaced by fibrous connective tissue and fat infiltration. Cirrhosis 13. Can result due to portal hypertension. Patients with this condition should eat soft, low-fiber foods. If ruptured, may be fatal. Esophageal Varices 14. Stores bile until being released into the duodenum to expedite absorption of fats, fat-soluble vitamins, and certain minerals. Gallbladder 15. Occurs when gallstones block the cystic duct or when is becomes infected or it becomes ischemic Cholecystitis 16. Inflammatory process characterized by decreased production of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate. Caused by excess alcohol consumption, gallbladder disease, genetics. Pancreatitis 17. Secretes enzymes necessary for protein, carbohydrate, and fat digestion. It also secretes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acidic gastric contents as they enter the duodenum. Known for secreting insulin and glucagon for glucose homeostasis. Pancreas 18. Is an autoimmune disease resulting in beta-cell destruction. It usually occurs before age 30. Diabetes Type 1 19. Multiple daily injections of short or rapid-acting insulins before meals, as well as intermediate-acting insulin one or twice daily. Flexible or intensive insulin 20. A gradual onset of this disease. People experience polyuria, polydipsia, are easily fatigues, and have frequent infections - especially of the urinary tract. Diabetes Type 2 21. This reflects blood glucose control for 100-120 days. As RBC's circulate in the bloodstream, hgb combines with glucose. It is not affected by short-term factors such as food intake, exercise, or stress, so blood samples can be drawn at any time. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c 22. Symptoms include cool, clammy, pale skin, confusion, erratic behavior, hunger, trembling/shaking. Hypoglycemia 23. A life-threatening condition caused by insulin deficiency. Precipitating factors include insufficient or interrupted insulin therapy, too much food, infection, other stresses. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) 24. A hard ball of hair and vegetable fiber that may develop within the intestines. May be more common with intake of oranges, coconuts, green beans, apples, figs, potato skins, Brussel sprouts, sauerkraut. Bezoar 25. This is characterized by delayed gastric emptying, and occurs as a result of vagal autonomic neuropathy - happens more often in type 1 DM. Gastroparesis 26. During pregnancy - this condition develops usually around the 24th week. - Gestational Diabetes 27. A skin condition characterized by areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases. Typically occurs in people who are obese or have diabetes. Children who develop this condition are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Acanthosis Nigricans 28. Hepatitis D -Occurs only if individual with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is exposed to hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection or superinfection 29. Hepatitis E -Enterically transmitted