Upper GI Lecture One
1. evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia: videoesophagography
2. treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia: treat underlying disease
refer to speech therapy
surgery for structural disease
3. types of esophageal dysphagia: mechanical or motility disorder
4. mechanical esophageal dysphagia: solids worse than liquids
5. motility disorder esophageal dysphagia: solids and liquids bad
6. diagnosis of esophageal dysphagia: barium esophagography differentiates btwn mechanical and
motility
7. esophageal webs associated with: iron deficiency anemia (Plummer-Vinson syndrome)
8. esophageal rings associated with nearly all cases of: hiatal hernias
9. diagnosis of esophageal webs or rings: barium swallow
1/3
, EGD
10. treatment of esophageal webs or rings: esophageal dilation or electrosurgical incision
long term PPI therapy
11. treatment of Zenker diverticulum in symptomatic pts: esophageal myotomy
12. small asymptomatic Zenker diverticulum are: observed
13. esophageal atresia treatment: recognized and surgically corrected in first few days of life
14. most common esophageal atresia: distal tracheoesophageal fistula
15. achalasia most common cause is idiopathic neuronal degeneration of: Auer-
bach's plexus
16. achalasia has dysphagia for: solids AND liquids (gradual onset)
17. 1st test for achalasia: barium esophagram (shows birds beak sign) (followed up by endoscopy)
18. gold standard for diagnosis confirmation of achalasia: manometry (>15 mmHg post
swallow LES relaxation pressure)
2/3
1. evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia: videoesophagography
2. treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia: treat underlying disease
refer to speech therapy
surgery for structural disease
3. types of esophageal dysphagia: mechanical or motility disorder
4. mechanical esophageal dysphagia: solids worse than liquids
5. motility disorder esophageal dysphagia: solids and liquids bad
6. diagnosis of esophageal dysphagia: barium esophagography differentiates btwn mechanical and
motility
7. esophageal webs associated with: iron deficiency anemia (Plummer-Vinson syndrome)
8. esophageal rings associated with nearly all cases of: hiatal hernias
9. diagnosis of esophageal webs or rings: barium swallow
1/3
, EGD
10. treatment of esophageal webs or rings: esophageal dilation or electrosurgical incision
long term PPI therapy
11. treatment of Zenker diverticulum in symptomatic pts: esophageal myotomy
12. small asymptomatic Zenker diverticulum are: observed
13. esophageal atresia treatment: recognized and surgically corrected in first few days of life
14. most common esophageal atresia: distal tracheoesophageal fistula
15. achalasia most common cause is idiopathic neuronal degeneration of: Auer-
bach's plexus
16. achalasia has dysphagia for: solids AND liquids (gradual onset)
17. 1st test for achalasia: barium esophagram (shows birds beak sign) (followed up by endoscopy)
18. gold standard for diagnosis confirmation of achalasia: manometry (>15 mmHg post
swallow LES relaxation pressure)
2/3
