BIO 201 Final Exam UNCW Questions With Complete
Solutions
3 steps of cell signaling Correct Answers 1. Reception: occurs
when the signaling molecule binds to and activates the receptor
2. Signal transduction: is the series of intracellular events that
converts the signal into a response
3. Response: occurs when the signal transduction pathway
results in a specific cellular activity.
Assess characteristics of a pigment molecule based on its
absorption spectrum Correct Answers 1. Absorption of light
energy dependent on its energy and kind of molecule it hits
2. Electrons occupy discrete energy levels while orbiting in their
atoms
3. Specific atoms can absorb only certain photons of light
a. Any given molecule has a characteristic absorption spectrum
b. Can only absorb photons of certain energy level
cell checkpoints Correct Answers Passing the "Restriction
point" or G1 checkpoint:
-Adequate cell size
-Sufficient nutrients
-Undamaged DNA
-Appropriate social signals
Passing the G2 checkpoint:
-Properly replicated chromosomes
-Undamaged DNA
Passing the M checkpoint:
-Chromosomes properly attached to the spindle apparatus
if cells do not pass a the G1 checkpoint, they enter the G0 phase
,classify chemical bonds as either covalent, ionic, or hydrogen
and rank their relative strength Correct Answers -covalent:
strongest bond, occurs when 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of
valence electrons (ex: H2O)
-ionic: 2nd strongest, occurs when attraction is between
oppositely charged ions (ex: NaCl)
-hydrogen: weakest, occurs when hydrogen atom is covalently
bound to an e-neg atom
Classify the three cytoskeletal components based on their
structure and primary primary functions Correct Answers -
microfilaments: actin filaments, thinnest in the cytoskeleton,
found in the cytoplasm, responsible for muscle contraction
-microtubules: cylindrical tubes made of tubulin termed alpha
and beta, act as a scaffold to determine cell shape, form spindle
fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis
-intermediate filaments: strong and ropelike, provide tensile
strength for the cell
Compare and contrast aerobic respiration and fermentation
Correct Answers aerobic respiration requires oxygen while
fermentation cannot work in the presence of oxygen
Compare and contrast competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors
of enzymes Correct Answers -A competitive inhibitor will
block the enzyme's active site (ie: it will occupy the same space
as the natural substrate, blocking it from being catalyzed).
-A non-competitive inhibitor will bind to the enzyme
somewhere other than the active site of the enzyme; an allosteric
site
, compare and contrast DNA and RNA's chemical composition
Correct Answers -DNA: C3H10O4
-RNA: C5H10O5
-Both: made up of nucleotides, where DNA has T, A, G, and C,
and RNA has U, A, G, and C
Compare and contrast DNA replication of the leading and
lagging strand Correct Answers leading: continuous synthesis in
3' to 5' direction
lagging: replicated in short sections (Okazaki); joined by ligase;
"spot welder"
Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Correct
Answers Similarities:
-both composed of cells
-have ribosomes
-have cytoplasm
-have cell membrane
-have DNA
Differences:
-only eukaryotes have nucleus
-eukaryotes have more than one chromosome
-prokaryotes are unicellular
-prokaryotes are only bacteria and archaea
Compare and contrast mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA Correct
Answers -mRNA (messenger): actual copy of genetic
information; template for translation
-rRNA (ribosomal): component of ribosomes; part of the
catalytic machinery for translation
Solutions
3 steps of cell signaling Correct Answers 1. Reception: occurs
when the signaling molecule binds to and activates the receptor
2. Signal transduction: is the series of intracellular events that
converts the signal into a response
3. Response: occurs when the signal transduction pathway
results in a specific cellular activity.
Assess characteristics of a pigment molecule based on its
absorption spectrum Correct Answers 1. Absorption of light
energy dependent on its energy and kind of molecule it hits
2. Electrons occupy discrete energy levels while orbiting in their
atoms
3. Specific atoms can absorb only certain photons of light
a. Any given molecule has a characteristic absorption spectrum
b. Can only absorb photons of certain energy level
cell checkpoints Correct Answers Passing the "Restriction
point" or G1 checkpoint:
-Adequate cell size
-Sufficient nutrients
-Undamaged DNA
-Appropriate social signals
Passing the G2 checkpoint:
-Properly replicated chromosomes
-Undamaged DNA
Passing the M checkpoint:
-Chromosomes properly attached to the spindle apparatus
if cells do not pass a the G1 checkpoint, they enter the G0 phase
,classify chemical bonds as either covalent, ionic, or hydrogen
and rank their relative strength Correct Answers -covalent:
strongest bond, occurs when 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of
valence electrons (ex: H2O)
-ionic: 2nd strongest, occurs when attraction is between
oppositely charged ions (ex: NaCl)
-hydrogen: weakest, occurs when hydrogen atom is covalently
bound to an e-neg atom
Classify the three cytoskeletal components based on their
structure and primary primary functions Correct Answers -
microfilaments: actin filaments, thinnest in the cytoskeleton,
found in the cytoplasm, responsible for muscle contraction
-microtubules: cylindrical tubes made of tubulin termed alpha
and beta, act as a scaffold to determine cell shape, form spindle
fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis
-intermediate filaments: strong and ropelike, provide tensile
strength for the cell
Compare and contrast aerobic respiration and fermentation
Correct Answers aerobic respiration requires oxygen while
fermentation cannot work in the presence of oxygen
Compare and contrast competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors
of enzymes Correct Answers -A competitive inhibitor will
block the enzyme's active site (ie: it will occupy the same space
as the natural substrate, blocking it from being catalyzed).
-A non-competitive inhibitor will bind to the enzyme
somewhere other than the active site of the enzyme; an allosteric
site
, compare and contrast DNA and RNA's chemical composition
Correct Answers -DNA: C3H10O4
-RNA: C5H10O5
-Both: made up of nucleotides, where DNA has T, A, G, and C,
and RNA has U, A, G, and C
Compare and contrast DNA replication of the leading and
lagging strand Correct Answers leading: continuous synthesis in
3' to 5' direction
lagging: replicated in short sections (Okazaki); joined by ligase;
"spot welder"
Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Correct
Answers Similarities:
-both composed of cells
-have ribosomes
-have cytoplasm
-have cell membrane
-have DNA
Differences:
-only eukaryotes have nucleus
-eukaryotes have more than one chromosome
-prokaryotes are unicellular
-prokaryotes are only bacteria and archaea
Compare and contrast mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA Correct
Answers -mRNA (messenger): actual copy of genetic
information; template for translation
-rRNA (ribosomal): component of ribosomes; part of the
catalytic machinery for translation
