TCRN EXAM | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Shock - Answer: Lack of oxygen to the cells
Hypovolemic Shock - Answer: Lack of volume
ex: hemorrhage, burns
Distributive Shock - Answer: Maldistribution of blood (pooled in extremities)
Decreased preload
ex: neurogenic shock
Cardiogenic Shock - Answer: Inadequate cardiac output
ex: blunt cardiac trauma
Obstructive Shock - Answer: Inability of blood to enter or exit heart properly
ex: tamponade, tension pneumothorax
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) - Answer: Severe tissue trauma
activates an inflammatory response leading to vasodilation, capillary permeability, and
coagulation
Early (Compensated) Shock - Answer: Normal BP
Weak, thready pulse
Deep and rapid RR
Normal lactic levels
Anxious
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,Late (Decompensated) Shock - Answer: Decreased BP
Tachycardia
Shallow and rapid RR
Increased Lactic
Decreased LOC
Decreased urinary output
BUN to Creatinine Ratio - Answer: Normal - 10:1
Indicated effective renal function
Trauma Triad of Death - Answer: Hypothermia
Acidosis
Coagulopathies
Effects of Acidosis - Answer: Increased ICP
Exacerbates coagulopathies
Depressed myocardial contractility
DIC - Answer: Excessive clotting > all clotting factors used > no more clotting > excessive
bleeding
Effects of coagulopathies - Answer: Decreased platelet count
Decreased fibrinogen
Decreased HnH
Increased PT, PTT
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,Increased Ddimer
Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) - Answer: Irreversible Shock resulting from
Triad of Death
Symptoms start within the first week after trauma
Steps to control hemorrhage - Answer: Tourniquet
TXA
REBOA
Permissive Hypotension
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) - Answer: Occlusion of
the Aorta below the diaphragm to reduce bleeding
Type A - Answer: RBC: Type A, O
Plasma: Type A, AB
Type B - Answer: RBC: Type B, O
Plasma: Type B, AB
Type AB - Answer: RBC: Type A, B, AB, O
Plasma: AB
Type O - Answer: RBC: Type O
Plasma: Type A, B, AB, O
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, Universal Donor of RBC and Plasma - Answer: Universal donor of RBC: O negative
Universal donor of Plasma: AB negative
Cryoprecipitate - Answer: Concentrate of coagulation factors obtained from fresh frozen
plasma
Increases fibrinogen in the bloodstream
Blood Transfusion in Peds - Answer: One unit of blood is 10ml/kg
Complications of MTP - Answer: Hypothermia - warm all fluids and blood
Hypocalcemia - replace calcium
Acidosis - sodium bicarb
TRALI - stop transfusion, supplemental oxygen
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) - Answer: Pulmonary edema due to rapid
blood administration
MTP Protocol - Answer: 1 : 1 : 1
RBC : Plasma : Platelet
Blood Loss Grades - Answer: I - Loss of 15% with normal BP
II - Loss of 15-30% with normal BP
III - Loss: of 31-40% with lowered BP
IV - Loss > 40% with hemodynamic instability
Permissive Hypotension - Answer: Maintaining BP as low as 70/40 so allow for clotting.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Shock - Answer: Lack of oxygen to the cells
Hypovolemic Shock - Answer: Lack of volume
ex: hemorrhage, burns
Distributive Shock - Answer: Maldistribution of blood (pooled in extremities)
Decreased preload
ex: neurogenic shock
Cardiogenic Shock - Answer: Inadequate cardiac output
ex: blunt cardiac trauma
Obstructive Shock - Answer: Inability of blood to enter or exit heart properly
ex: tamponade, tension pneumothorax
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) - Answer: Severe tissue trauma
activates an inflammatory response leading to vasodilation, capillary permeability, and
coagulation
Early (Compensated) Shock - Answer: Normal BP
Weak, thready pulse
Deep and rapid RR
Normal lactic levels
Anxious
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Late (Decompensated) Shock - Answer: Decreased BP
Tachycardia
Shallow and rapid RR
Increased Lactic
Decreased LOC
Decreased urinary output
BUN to Creatinine Ratio - Answer: Normal - 10:1
Indicated effective renal function
Trauma Triad of Death - Answer: Hypothermia
Acidosis
Coagulopathies
Effects of Acidosis - Answer: Increased ICP
Exacerbates coagulopathies
Depressed myocardial contractility
DIC - Answer: Excessive clotting > all clotting factors used > no more clotting > excessive
bleeding
Effects of coagulopathies - Answer: Decreased platelet count
Decreased fibrinogen
Decreased HnH
Increased PT, PTT
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
,Increased Ddimer
Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) - Answer: Irreversible Shock resulting from
Triad of Death
Symptoms start within the first week after trauma
Steps to control hemorrhage - Answer: Tourniquet
TXA
REBOA
Permissive Hypotension
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) - Answer: Occlusion of
the Aorta below the diaphragm to reduce bleeding
Type A - Answer: RBC: Type A, O
Plasma: Type A, AB
Type B - Answer: RBC: Type B, O
Plasma: Type B, AB
Type AB - Answer: RBC: Type A, B, AB, O
Plasma: AB
Type O - Answer: RBC: Type O
Plasma: Type A, B, AB, O
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, Universal Donor of RBC and Plasma - Answer: Universal donor of RBC: O negative
Universal donor of Plasma: AB negative
Cryoprecipitate - Answer: Concentrate of coagulation factors obtained from fresh frozen
plasma
Increases fibrinogen in the bloodstream
Blood Transfusion in Peds - Answer: One unit of blood is 10ml/kg
Complications of MTP - Answer: Hypothermia - warm all fluids and blood
Hypocalcemia - replace calcium
Acidosis - sodium bicarb
TRALI - stop transfusion, supplemental oxygen
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) - Answer: Pulmonary edema due to rapid
blood administration
MTP Protocol - Answer: 1 : 1 : 1
RBC : Plasma : Platelet
Blood Loss Grades - Answer: I - Loss of 15% with normal BP
II - Loss of 15-30% with normal BP
III - Loss: of 31-40% with lowered BP
IV - Loss > 40% with hemodynamic instability
Permissive Hypotension - Answer: Maintaining BP as low as 70/40 so allow for clotting.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
