BIOL 431 Unit 1 Exam Questions with
Verified Answers
Function of coronary sinus - ANSWER-Receives blood from coronary veins and
empties into the right atrium
Where does the blood that enters the LEFT atrium come from? - ANSWER-
Pulmonary veins
What 2 muscles make up the ventricles? - ANSWER-Papillary muscles and
trabeculae carneae
Define chordae tendineae - ANSWER-Cords that attach to the heart valves
Define trabeculae carneae - ANSWER-Grooves in between the papillary muscles
Where does the RIGHT ventricle pump the blood into? - ANSWER-Pulmonary trunk
Where does the LEFT ventricle pump the blood into? - ANSWER-Aorta
Define fossa ovalis - ANSWER-Used to connect the two atria of the fetal heart;
immediately closes after your first breath
Define ligamentum arteriosum - ANSWER-Remnants of the connection between the
pulmonary trunk and aorta
Why are the muscles of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle? - ANSWER-
The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body, while the right ventricle only pumps
it to the lungs
Describe the shape of the left ventricle versus the right ventricle - ANSWER-LV has
a rounder shape, while the RV is crescent shaped and wraps around the left
ventricle entirely
Describe pulmonary circulation - ANSWER-The right atrium receives blood from the
body and the right ventricle ejects blood to the lungs
Describe systemic circulation - ANSWER-The left atrium receives blood from the
lungs and the left ventricle ejects blood to the body
Name the atrioventricular valves - ANSWER-Tricuspid (RA and RV) and
bicuspid/mitral (LA and LV)
Function of the AV valves - ANSWER-Prevent backflow of blood into the atria
,Function of chordae tendineae - ANSWER-Anchors the AV valves to the papillary
muscles
Name the semilunar valves - ANSWER-Pulmonary valve (RA and RV) and aortic
valve (LA and LV)
Function of the semilunar valves - ANSWER-Prevent backflow of blood into the
ventricles
What keeps the SL valves closed? - ANSWER-Back pressure in the pulmonary
trunk/aorta
What is the pressure in the aorta when contracted? Relaxed? - ANSWER-120
mmHg, 80 mmHg
What is the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs? - ANSWER-1. Right
atrium
2. Tricuspid AV valve
3. Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary SL valve
5. Pulmonary trunk
6. Pulmonary arteries
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid/mitral AV valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic SL valve
13. Ascending aorta
14. Aortic arch
15. Systemic circulation
Define coronary circulation - ANSWER-The functional blood supply to the heart
muscle itself
Function of collateral routes in the heart - ANSWER-Provide additional pathways for
blood delivery to the heart muscle
Where does arterial blood originate from? - ANSWER-Aorta
Small cardiac vein correlates with the? - ANSWER-Right marginal artery
Great cardiac vein correlates with? - ANSWER-Anterior interventricular artery
Middle cardiac vein correlates with the? - ANSWER-Posterior interventricular artery
Where does venous blood of the heart drain into? - ANSWER-Coronary sinus
Define angina pectoris - ANSWER-Reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation
, Symptoms of angina pectoris - ANSWER-Pressure in chest, pain down arm (signs of
"heart attack" but NOT A TRUE HEART ATTACK)
Define myocardial infarction - ANSWER-Blockage of blood flow; heart attack
Symptoms of heart attack - ANSWER-Death; cardiac arrest
Purpose of coronary artery bypass grafts - ANSWER-Take arteries from other places
in your body and use them to provide alternate routes around blocked arteries
List the 3 types of muscle tissue - ANSWER-1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
Describe the shape and appearance of skeletal muscle - ANSWER-Single, long,
cylindrical multinucleated cells with obvious striations
Describe the shape and appearance of cardiac muscle - ANSWER-Branching chains
of cells; uni- or binucleate striations
Describe the shape and appearance of smooth muscle - ANSWER-Single, fusiform,
uninucleate; no striations
Layers of the skeletal muscle - ANSWER-1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium
Function of epimysium - ANSWER-Surrounds several fascicles
Function of perimysium - ANSWER-Surrounds an individual fascicle
Function of endomysium - ANSWER-Surrounds an individual muscle fiber
Layers of a muscle fiber - ANSWER-1. Sarcolemma
2. Myofibrils
3. Myofilaments
4. Sarcomere
3 kinds of myofilaments - ANSWER-1. Action (thin)
2. Myosin (thick)
3. Titin (elastic)
List the different structures in the sarcomere - ANSWER-1. A band
2. I band
3. H zone
4. M line
5. Z disc
Define A band - ANSWER-Only myosin and actin overlap here
Verified Answers
Function of coronary sinus - ANSWER-Receives blood from coronary veins and
empties into the right atrium
Where does the blood that enters the LEFT atrium come from? - ANSWER-
Pulmonary veins
What 2 muscles make up the ventricles? - ANSWER-Papillary muscles and
trabeculae carneae
Define chordae tendineae - ANSWER-Cords that attach to the heart valves
Define trabeculae carneae - ANSWER-Grooves in between the papillary muscles
Where does the RIGHT ventricle pump the blood into? - ANSWER-Pulmonary trunk
Where does the LEFT ventricle pump the blood into? - ANSWER-Aorta
Define fossa ovalis - ANSWER-Used to connect the two atria of the fetal heart;
immediately closes after your first breath
Define ligamentum arteriosum - ANSWER-Remnants of the connection between the
pulmonary trunk and aorta
Why are the muscles of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle? - ANSWER-
The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body, while the right ventricle only pumps
it to the lungs
Describe the shape of the left ventricle versus the right ventricle - ANSWER-LV has
a rounder shape, while the RV is crescent shaped and wraps around the left
ventricle entirely
Describe pulmonary circulation - ANSWER-The right atrium receives blood from the
body and the right ventricle ejects blood to the lungs
Describe systemic circulation - ANSWER-The left atrium receives blood from the
lungs and the left ventricle ejects blood to the body
Name the atrioventricular valves - ANSWER-Tricuspid (RA and RV) and
bicuspid/mitral (LA and LV)
Function of the AV valves - ANSWER-Prevent backflow of blood into the atria
,Function of chordae tendineae - ANSWER-Anchors the AV valves to the papillary
muscles
Name the semilunar valves - ANSWER-Pulmonary valve (RA and RV) and aortic
valve (LA and LV)
Function of the semilunar valves - ANSWER-Prevent backflow of blood into the
ventricles
What keeps the SL valves closed? - ANSWER-Back pressure in the pulmonary
trunk/aorta
What is the pressure in the aorta when contracted? Relaxed? - ANSWER-120
mmHg, 80 mmHg
What is the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs? - ANSWER-1. Right
atrium
2. Tricuspid AV valve
3. Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary SL valve
5. Pulmonary trunk
6. Pulmonary arteries
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid/mitral AV valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic SL valve
13. Ascending aorta
14. Aortic arch
15. Systemic circulation
Define coronary circulation - ANSWER-The functional blood supply to the heart
muscle itself
Function of collateral routes in the heart - ANSWER-Provide additional pathways for
blood delivery to the heart muscle
Where does arterial blood originate from? - ANSWER-Aorta
Small cardiac vein correlates with the? - ANSWER-Right marginal artery
Great cardiac vein correlates with? - ANSWER-Anterior interventricular artery
Middle cardiac vein correlates with the? - ANSWER-Posterior interventricular artery
Where does venous blood of the heart drain into? - ANSWER-Coronary sinus
Define angina pectoris - ANSWER-Reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation
, Symptoms of angina pectoris - ANSWER-Pressure in chest, pain down arm (signs of
"heart attack" but NOT A TRUE HEART ATTACK)
Define myocardial infarction - ANSWER-Blockage of blood flow; heart attack
Symptoms of heart attack - ANSWER-Death; cardiac arrest
Purpose of coronary artery bypass grafts - ANSWER-Take arteries from other places
in your body and use them to provide alternate routes around blocked arteries
List the 3 types of muscle tissue - ANSWER-1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
Describe the shape and appearance of skeletal muscle - ANSWER-Single, long,
cylindrical multinucleated cells with obvious striations
Describe the shape and appearance of cardiac muscle - ANSWER-Branching chains
of cells; uni- or binucleate striations
Describe the shape and appearance of smooth muscle - ANSWER-Single, fusiform,
uninucleate; no striations
Layers of the skeletal muscle - ANSWER-1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium
Function of epimysium - ANSWER-Surrounds several fascicles
Function of perimysium - ANSWER-Surrounds an individual fascicle
Function of endomysium - ANSWER-Surrounds an individual muscle fiber
Layers of a muscle fiber - ANSWER-1. Sarcolemma
2. Myofibrils
3. Myofilaments
4. Sarcomere
3 kinds of myofilaments - ANSWER-1. Action (thin)
2. Myosin (thick)
3. Titin (elastic)
List the different structures in the sarcomere - ANSWER-1. A band
2. I band
3. H zone
4. M line
5. Z disc
Define A band - ANSWER-Only myosin and actin overlap here
