BIOL 431 Quiz 1 Questions and
Answers
What is the size, conformation/coding capacity, and gene content like in mito? -
ANSWER-size: huge range
conformation: circular is ancestral shape but much variation (linear, multiple linear
fragments, multiple circles...)
Gene content:
variable
Is there a single origin or multiple independent origins for mitochondria in
eukaryotes? what is the evidence? - ANSWER-Evidence suggests a single origin:
1. Nested pattern of mitochondrial genes encoded in mito genomes
2. Molecular phylo evidence (not 100% clear)
3. Some aspects of genome organization (example: mito-specific gene deletions
have been passed through lineages)
Does the mitochondrial proteome perfectly its ancestry? Its integration as an
organelle? - ANSWER--The mitochondrial proteome is all proteins function in the
mito
-There are more proteins function in the mito than what is encoded in its genome
due to EGT
What is the experimental evidence that mitosomes are derived from mitochondria? -
ANSWER--key function of mitochondria is making Fe-S cluster proteins for ETC and
enzyme activity; mitosomes share this function
-Giardia's iron binding proteins (Iscs and Iscu) are found in a membrane bound
compartment
Mitosomes are highly reduced... why not get rid of them altogether? - ANSWER-
How did the discovery of mitosomes inform our understanding about when
mitochondria arose in eukaryotes? - ANSWER-Mitochondrion acquisition predated
the origin of all eukaryotes
What are other MROs? - ANSWER-MROs found in anaerobic eukaryotes:
Facultative anaerobic mitochondria
-have genome
-can respire aerobically (posses all respitory complexes)
-when switch to anerobic enviro use an alternative e- accepter instead of O2 to make
ATP
Answers
What is the size, conformation/coding capacity, and gene content like in mito? -
ANSWER-size: huge range
conformation: circular is ancestral shape but much variation (linear, multiple linear
fragments, multiple circles...)
Gene content:
variable
Is there a single origin or multiple independent origins for mitochondria in
eukaryotes? what is the evidence? - ANSWER-Evidence suggests a single origin:
1. Nested pattern of mitochondrial genes encoded in mito genomes
2. Molecular phylo evidence (not 100% clear)
3. Some aspects of genome organization (example: mito-specific gene deletions
have been passed through lineages)
Does the mitochondrial proteome perfectly its ancestry? Its integration as an
organelle? - ANSWER--The mitochondrial proteome is all proteins function in the
mito
-There are more proteins function in the mito than what is encoded in its genome
due to EGT
What is the experimental evidence that mitosomes are derived from mitochondria? -
ANSWER--key function of mitochondria is making Fe-S cluster proteins for ETC and
enzyme activity; mitosomes share this function
-Giardia's iron binding proteins (Iscs and Iscu) are found in a membrane bound
compartment
Mitosomes are highly reduced... why not get rid of them altogether? - ANSWER-
How did the discovery of mitosomes inform our understanding about when
mitochondria arose in eukaryotes? - ANSWER-Mitochondrion acquisition predated
the origin of all eukaryotes
What are other MROs? - ANSWER-MROs found in anaerobic eukaryotes:
Facultative anaerobic mitochondria
-have genome
-can respire aerobically (posses all respitory complexes)
-when switch to anerobic enviro use an alternative e- accepter instead of O2 to make
ATP
