BIOL 431 - Quiz 1 Questions with
Complete Answers
formed elements - ANSWER-basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes,
monocytes, and neutrophils are all examples of these _____________
number rises during parasite infections - ANSWER-eosinophils
releases a vasodilator; the least abundant WBC - ANSWER-basophil
transports oxygen - ANSWER-erythrocytes
primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood - ANSWER-plasma
phagocyte in chronic infections - ANSWER-monocyte
hematocrit - ANSWER-% of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells (45%)
what causes low hematocrit? - ANSWER-- iron deficiency
- sickle cell anemia
- hemolytic anemia
- hemorrhagic anemia
- chemotherapy
- cancer
what is low hematocrit? - ANSWER-less than 35%
what does low hematocrit result in? - ANSWER-anemia
what does it mean when you have low hematocrit? - ANSWER-you only have 35%
or less of RBCs in your blood volume.
What are the symptoms of low hematocrit? - ANSWER-- tiredness
- headaches
- fatigue (due to lack of oxygen and nutrients)
- FEELING COLD
- dizziness
- hypoxia
what is a high hemtocrit? - ANSWER-greater than 55%
what is the main consequence of a high hematocrit? - ANSWER-polycythemia
what causes a high hematocrit? - ANSWER-- decreased oxygen levels
, - increased altitude
- respiratory issues
- smoking
- COVID
what are the symptoms of a high hematocrit? - ANSWER-- blood is very thick
- difficult for heart to pump blood adequately and may lead to congestive heart failure
how are basophils structurally adapted for its fxn? - ANSWER-they release their
large cytoplasmic granules that contain heparin, histamine (vasodilator), and
serotonin during allergic reactions that intensify overall inflammatory response.
how are monocytes structurally adapted for its fxn? - ANSWER-- BIGGER --> for
phagocytosis
- clean up cellular debris and microbes after an infection
- packed full of lysosomes!
how are erythrocytes structurally adapted for its fxn? - ANSWER-- no nucleus --> all
internal space used for transporting oxygen
- lack mitochondria and generate ATP anaerobically --> do not use up any oxygen
they transport
- biconcave disc --> greater surface area for diffusion of gas molecules in and out of
RBC
- plasma membrane is strong and flexible --> deform without rupturing to squeeze
through capillaries
where is the primary source of RBCs in the adult human being? - ANSWER-the
shafts (epiphysis) of long bones
what is hemopoiesis? - ANSWER-process by which the formed elements of blood
develop
where is the main site of hemopoiesis? - ANSWER-red bone marrow
what does the red bone marrow contain that is essential for hemopoiesis? -
ANSWER-pluripotent stem cells (hemocytoblasts)
what are 2 types of pluripotent stem cells? - ANSWER-myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells
what do myeloid stem cells give rise to? - ANSWER-erythrocytes, platelets,
monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils (leukocytes)
what do lymphoid stem cells give rise to? - ANSWER-WBC's: lymphocytes (T and B
cells and natural killer cells)
what is a hemocytoblast? - ANSWER-(pluripotent stem cells) immature stem cells in
the redbone marrow that gives rise to precursors of all the different mature blood
cells. (gives rise to myeloid and lymphoid stem cells).
Complete Answers
formed elements - ANSWER-basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes,
monocytes, and neutrophils are all examples of these _____________
number rises during parasite infections - ANSWER-eosinophils
releases a vasodilator; the least abundant WBC - ANSWER-basophil
transports oxygen - ANSWER-erythrocytes
primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood - ANSWER-plasma
phagocyte in chronic infections - ANSWER-monocyte
hematocrit - ANSWER-% of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells (45%)
what causes low hematocrit? - ANSWER-- iron deficiency
- sickle cell anemia
- hemolytic anemia
- hemorrhagic anemia
- chemotherapy
- cancer
what is low hematocrit? - ANSWER-less than 35%
what does low hematocrit result in? - ANSWER-anemia
what does it mean when you have low hematocrit? - ANSWER-you only have 35%
or less of RBCs in your blood volume.
What are the symptoms of low hematocrit? - ANSWER-- tiredness
- headaches
- fatigue (due to lack of oxygen and nutrients)
- FEELING COLD
- dizziness
- hypoxia
what is a high hemtocrit? - ANSWER-greater than 55%
what is the main consequence of a high hematocrit? - ANSWER-polycythemia
what causes a high hematocrit? - ANSWER-- decreased oxygen levels
, - increased altitude
- respiratory issues
- smoking
- COVID
what are the symptoms of a high hematocrit? - ANSWER-- blood is very thick
- difficult for heart to pump blood adequately and may lead to congestive heart failure
how are basophils structurally adapted for its fxn? - ANSWER-they release their
large cytoplasmic granules that contain heparin, histamine (vasodilator), and
serotonin during allergic reactions that intensify overall inflammatory response.
how are monocytes structurally adapted for its fxn? - ANSWER-- BIGGER --> for
phagocytosis
- clean up cellular debris and microbes after an infection
- packed full of lysosomes!
how are erythrocytes structurally adapted for its fxn? - ANSWER-- no nucleus --> all
internal space used for transporting oxygen
- lack mitochondria and generate ATP anaerobically --> do not use up any oxygen
they transport
- biconcave disc --> greater surface area for diffusion of gas molecules in and out of
RBC
- plasma membrane is strong and flexible --> deform without rupturing to squeeze
through capillaries
where is the primary source of RBCs in the adult human being? - ANSWER-the
shafts (epiphysis) of long bones
what is hemopoiesis? - ANSWER-process by which the formed elements of blood
develop
where is the main site of hemopoiesis? - ANSWER-red bone marrow
what does the red bone marrow contain that is essential for hemopoiesis? -
ANSWER-pluripotent stem cells (hemocytoblasts)
what are 2 types of pluripotent stem cells? - ANSWER-myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells
what do myeloid stem cells give rise to? - ANSWER-erythrocytes, platelets,
monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils (leukocytes)
what do lymphoid stem cells give rise to? - ANSWER-WBC's: lymphocytes (T and B
cells and natural killer cells)
what is a hemocytoblast? - ANSWER-(pluripotent stem cells) immature stem cells in
the redbone marrow that gives rise to precursors of all the different mature blood
cells. (gives rise to myeloid and lymphoid stem cells).
