NLN PAX ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE /ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | MASTER EVERY TEST |
ACCURATE ANSWERS, PROVEN RESULTS!
Mechanical digestion - Answer: Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to
break down food into smaller pieces
Digestion - Answer: breaking down nutrients into small, soluble molecules that can be
absorbed into the blood
Chemical digestion - Answer: the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break
foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks
Occurs via hydrolysis
Hydrolysis - Answer: A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition
of water; an essential process in digestion.
Enzymes - Answer: molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act as catalysts in
biochemical reactions
Used in chemical reactions
Humans digestion tube extends from - Answer: mouth to anus
Called alimentary canal
Anus - Answer: A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste
material is eliminated from the body
1
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,Alimentary canal - Answer: Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive
tract, the alimentary canal is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth
esophagus, somatch, small intesitne, and large intestine.
Carries out stages of digestive process (mechanical and chemical digestion and absorb
ion)
Accessory organs - Answer: In the GI tract, organs that play a role in digestion but not
directly part of the alimentary canal.
These include the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas
What takes place in the mouth? - Answer: mechanical digestion
Saliva is released from salivary glands to breakdown carbs
Salivary glands - Answer: three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva
Saliva - Answer: contain amylase
Amylase - Answer: enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Pharynx - Answer: muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that
connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for
air and food
Esophagus - Answer: muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
Epiglottis - Answer: The flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from
entering.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, What takes place in the stomach? - Answer: peristalsis
Gastric juices help breakdown proteins
Chyme is created
Peristalsis - Answer: involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving
along in one direction through the digestive system
Gastric juice - Answer: chemically breaksdown proteins
Acidic (ph of 2)
Mucus - Answer: protects stomach wall from acidity of gastric juices
Protease - Answer: Enzyme that breaks down proteins
Chyme - Answer: a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the
stomach into the small intestine
Small intestine - Answer: digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place
Majority of digestion and absorption occur here!!
How long is the SI? - Answer: 6 meters
Pyloric sphincter - Answer: circular muscle that controls the movement of chyme from
the stomach to the small intestines
Liver - Answer: large organ just above the stomach that produces bile
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE /ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | MASTER EVERY TEST |
ACCURATE ANSWERS, PROVEN RESULTS!
Mechanical digestion - Answer: Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to
break down food into smaller pieces
Digestion - Answer: breaking down nutrients into small, soluble molecules that can be
absorbed into the blood
Chemical digestion - Answer: the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break
foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks
Occurs via hydrolysis
Hydrolysis - Answer: A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition
of water; an essential process in digestion.
Enzymes - Answer: molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act as catalysts in
biochemical reactions
Used in chemical reactions
Humans digestion tube extends from - Answer: mouth to anus
Called alimentary canal
Anus - Answer: A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste
material is eliminated from the body
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Alimentary canal - Answer: Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive
tract, the alimentary canal is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth
esophagus, somatch, small intesitne, and large intestine.
Carries out stages of digestive process (mechanical and chemical digestion and absorb
ion)
Accessory organs - Answer: In the GI tract, organs that play a role in digestion but not
directly part of the alimentary canal.
These include the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas
What takes place in the mouth? - Answer: mechanical digestion
Saliva is released from salivary glands to breakdown carbs
Salivary glands - Answer: three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva
Saliva - Answer: contain amylase
Amylase - Answer: enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Pharynx - Answer: muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that
connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for
air and food
Esophagus - Answer: muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
Epiglottis - Answer: The flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from
entering.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, What takes place in the stomach? - Answer: peristalsis
Gastric juices help breakdown proteins
Chyme is created
Peristalsis - Answer: involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving
along in one direction through the digestive system
Gastric juice - Answer: chemically breaksdown proteins
Acidic (ph of 2)
Mucus - Answer: protects stomach wall from acidity of gastric juices
Protease - Answer: Enzyme that breaks down proteins
Chyme - Answer: a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the
stomach into the small intestine
Small intestine - Answer: digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place
Majority of digestion and absorption occur here!!
How long is the SI? - Answer: 6 meters
Pyloric sphincter - Answer: circular muscle that controls the movement of chyme from
the stomach to the small intestines
Liver - Answer: large organ just above the stomach that produces bile
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
