,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
Chapter2.1:2.Cellular2.Biology
MULTIPLE2.CHOICE
1. Which2.statement2.best2.describes2.the2.cellular2.function2.of2.metabolic2.absorption?
a. Cells2.can2.produce2.proteins. c. Cells2.can2.take2.in2.and2.use2.nutrients.
b. Cells2.can2.secrete2.digestive2.enzymes. d.2 . Cells2.can2.synthesize2.fats.
ANS:2 . C
In2.metabolic2.absorption,2.all2.cells2.take2.in2.and2.use2.nutrients2.and2.other2.substances2.from
2.their2.surroundings.2.The2.remaining2.options2.are2.not2.inclusive2.in2.their2.descriptions2.of2.
cellular2.metabolic2.absorption.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.2
2. Most2.of2.a2.cell’s2.genetic2.information,2.including2.RNA2.and2.DNA,2.is2.contained2.in2.the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d.2 . 2 . Lysosome
ANS:2 . C
The2.nucleus2.contains2.the2.nucleolus,2.a2.small2.dense2.structure2.composed2.largely2.of2.R
NA,2.most2.of2.the2.cellular2.DNA,2.and2.the2.DNA-
binding2.proteins,2.such2.as2.the2.histones,2.which2.regulate2.its2.activity.2.The2.other2.options2.
do2.not2.contain2.most2.of2.a2.cell’s2.genetic2.information.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.2
3. Which2. component2.of2. the2.cell2.prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg.CenO M
peroxide 2.(H2O2)2. by2.using2. oxyg
en2. to2.remove2.hydrogen2.atoms2.from2.specific2.substrates2.in2.an2.oxidative2.reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d.2 . Oxyhydrosomes
ANS:2 . B
Peroxisomes2.are2.so2.named2.because2.they2.usually2.contain2.enzymes2.that2.use2.oxygen2.to2.re
move2.hydrogen2.atoms2.from2.specific2.substrates2.in2.an2.oxidative2.reaction2.that2.produces2.
H2O2,2.which2.is2.a2.powerful2.oxidant2.and2.potentially2.destructive2.if2.it2.accumulates2.or2.esc
apes2.from2.peroxisomes.2.Ribosomes2.are2.RNA-
protein2.complexes2.(nucleoproteins)2.that2.are2.synthesized2.in2.the2.nucleolus2.and2.secreted2.i
nto2.the2.cytoplasm2.through2.pores2.in2.the2.nuclear2.envelope2.called2.nuclear2.pore2.complexe
s.2.Lysosomes2.are2.saclike2.structures2.that2.originate2.from2.the2.Golgi2.complex2.and2.contain
2.more2.than2.402.digestive2.enzymes2.called2.hydrolases,2.which2.catalyze2.bonds2.in2.proteins,2
.lipids,2.nucleic2.acids,2.and2.carbohydrates.2.Oxyhydrosomesare2.involved2.in2.enzyme2.produ
ction.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.8
4. Which2.cell2.component2.is2.capable2.of2.cellular2.autodigestion2.when2.it2.is2.released2.durin
g2.cell2.injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth2.endoplasmic2.reticulum
b. Golgi2.complex d.2 . Lysosomes
,ANS:2 . D
, The2.lysosomal2.membrane2.acts2.as2.a2.protective2.shield2.between2.the2.powerful2.digestive
2.enzymes2.within2.the2.lysosome2.and2.the2.cytoplasm,2.preventing2.their2.leakage2.into2.the2.
cytoplasmic2.matrix.2.Disruption2.of2.the2.membrane2.by2.various2.treatments2.or2.cellular2.in
jury2.leads2.to2.a2.release2.of2.the2.lysosomal2.enzymes,2.which2.can2.then2.react2.with2.their2.s
pecific2.substrates,2.causing2.cellular2.self-
digestion.2.The2.other2.options2.do2.not2.correctly2.describe2.this2.process.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Pages2.7-8
5. What2.is2.the2.sequence2.of2.steps2.in2.the2.development2.of2.a2.digestive2.enzyme2.by2.the2.pa
ncreas2.cells2.from2.the2.initial2.transcription2.to2.the2.release2.from2.the2.cell?
a. The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.from2.DNA2.by2.RNA2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.t
o2.the2.ribosome2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.a2.secretory2.vesicle2.to2
.the2.cell2.membrane.
b. The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.from2.RNA2.by2.DNA2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.to2.t
he2.lysosome2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.an2.encapsulated2.membrane2.to
2.the2.cell2.membrane.
c. The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.by2.the2.mitochondria2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.to2.t
he2.ribosome2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.a2.cytoskeleton2.to2.the2.cell2.me
mbrane.
d. The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.from2.DNA2.by2.RNA2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.to2.
the2.Golgi2.complex2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.a2.cytosol2.to2.the2.cell2.m
embrane.
ANS:2 . A
The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.from2.DNA2.by2.RNA2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.to2.the2.ribos
ome2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.a2.secretory2.vesicle2.to2.the2.cell2.membrane.2.T
he2.other2.options2.do2.not2.correctly2.describe2.this2.process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.72.|2.Figure2.1-5
6. During2.which2.phase2.of2.the2.cell2.cycle2.is2.DNA2.synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d.2 . M
ANS:2 . B
The2.four2.designated2.phases2.of2.the2.cell2.cycle2.are:2.(1)2.the2.G12.phase2.(G2.=2.gap),2.which2
.is2.the2.period2.between2.the2.M2.phase2.(M2.=2.mitosis)2.and2.the2.start2.of2.DNA2.synthesis;2.(2
)2.the2.S2.phase2.(S2.=2.synthesis),2.during2.which2.DNA2.is2.synthesized2.in2.the2.cell2.nucleus;2.
(3)2.the2.G22.phase,2.during2.which2.RNA2.and2.protein2.synthesis2.occurs,2.the2.period2.betwee
n2.the2.completion2.of2.DNA2.synthesis2.and2.the2.next2.phase2.(M);2.and2.(4)2.the2.M2.phase,2.
which2.includes2.nuclear2.and2.cytoplasmic2.division.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.37
7. What2.organic2.compound2.facilitates2.transportation2.across2.cell2.membranes2.by2.actin
g2.as2.receptors,2.transport2.channels2.for2.electrolytes,2.and2.enzymes2.to2.drive2.active2.
pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d.2 . Carbohydrates
ANS:2 . C
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
Chapter2.1:2.Cellular2.Biology
MULTIPLE2.CHOICE
1. Which2.statement2.best2.describes2.the2.cellular2.function2.of2.metabolic2.absorption?
a. Cells2.can2.produce2.proteins. c. Cells2.can2.take2.in2.and2.use2.nutrients.
b. Cells2.can2.secrete2.digestive2.enzymes. d.2 . Cells2.can2.synthesize2.fats.
ANS:2 . C
In2.metabolic2.absorption,2.all2.cells2.take2.in2.and2.use2.nutrients2.and2.other2.substances2.from
2.their2.surroundings.2.The2.remaining2.options2.are2.not2.inclusive2.in2.their2.descriptions2.of2.
cellular2.metabolic2.absorption.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.2
2. Most2.of2.a2.cell’s2.genetic2.information,2.including2.RNA2.and2.DNA,2.is2.contained2.in2.the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d.2 . 2 . Lysosome
ANS:2 . C
The2.nucleus2.contains2.the2.nucleolus,2.a2.small2.dense2.structure2.composed2.largely2.of2.R
NA,2.most2.of2.the2.cellular2.DNA,2.and2.the2.DNA-
binding2.proteins,2.such2.as2.the2.histones,2.which2.regulate2.its2.activity.2.The2.other2.options2.
do2.not2.contain2.most2.of2.a2.cell’s2.genetic2.information.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.2
3. Which2. component2.of2. the2.cell2.prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg.CenO M
peroxide 2.(H2O2)2. by2.using2. oxyg
en2. to2.remove2.hydrogen2.atoms2.from2.specific2.substrates2.in2.an2.oxidative2.reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d.2 . Oxyhydrosomes
ANS:2 . B
Peroxisomes2.are2.so2.named2.because2.they2.usually2.contain2.enzymes2.that2.use2.oxygen2.to2.re
move2.hydrogen2.atoms2.from2.specific2.substrates2.in2.an2.oxidative2.reaction2.that2.produces2.
H2O2,2.which2.is2.a2.powerful2.oxidant2.and2.potentially2.destructive2.if2.it2.accumulates2.or2.esc
apes2.from2.peroxisomes.2.Ribosomes2.are2.RNA-
protein2.complexes2.(nucleoproteins)2.that2.are2.synthesized2.in2.the2.nucleolus2.and2.secreted2.i
nto2.the2.cytoplasm2.through2.pores2.in2.the2.nuclear2.envelope2.called2.nuclear2.pore2.complexe
s.2.Lysosomes2.are2.saclike2.structures2.that2.originate2.from2.the2.Golgi2.complex2.and2.contain
2.more2.than2.402.digestive2.enzymes2.called2.hydrolases,2.which2.catalyze2.bonds2.in2.proteins,2
.lipids,2.nucleic2.acids,2.and2.carbohydrates.2.Oxyhydrosomesare2.involved2.in2.enzyme2.produ
ction.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.8
4. Which2.cell2.component2.is2.capable2.of2.cellular2.autodigestion2.when2.it2.is2.released2.durin
g2.cell2.injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth2.endoplasmic2.reticulum
b. Golgi2.complex d.2 . Lysosomes
,ANS:2 . D
, The2.lysosomal2.membrane2.acts2.as2.a2.protective2.shield2.between2.the2.powerful2.digestive
2.enzymes2.within2.the2.lysosome2.and2.the2.cytoplasm,2.preventing2.their2.leakage2.into2.the2.
cytoplasmic2.matrix.2.Disruption2.of2.the2.membrane2.by2.various2.treatments2.or2.cellular2.in
jury2.leads2.to2.a2.release2.of2.the2.lysosomal2.enzymes,2.which2.can2.then2.react2.with2.their2.s
pecific2.substrates,2.causing2.cellular2.self-
digestion.2.The2.other2.options2.do2.not2.correctly2.describe2.this2.process.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Pages2.7-8
5. What2.is2.the2.sequence2.of2.steps2.in2.the2.development2.of2.a2.digestive2.enzyme2.by2.the2.pa
ncreas2.cells2.from2.the2.initial2.transcription2.to2.the2.release2.from2.the2.cell?
a. The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.from2.DNA2.by2.RNA2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.t
o2.the2.ribosome2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.a2.secretory2.vesicle2.to2
.the2.cell2.membrane.
b. The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.from2.RNA2.by2.DNA2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.to2.t
he2.lysosome2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.an2.encapsulated2.membrane2.to
2.the2.cell2.membrane.
c. The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.by2.the2.mitochondria2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.to2.t
he2.ribosome2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.a2.cytoskeleton2.to2.the2.cell2.me
mbrane.
d. The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.from2.DNA2.by2.RNA2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.to2.
the2.Golgi2.complex2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.a2.cytosol2.to2.the2.cell2.m
embrane.
ANS:2 . A
The2.enzyme2.is2.transcribed2.from2.DNA2.by2.RNA2.in2.the2.nucleus,2.proceeds2.to2.the2.ribos
ome2.for2.synthesis,2.and2.is2.transported2.in2.a2.secretory2.vesicle2.to2.the2.cell2.membrane.2.T
he2.other2.options2.do2.not2.correctly2.describe2.this2.process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.72.|2.Figure2.1-5
6. During2.which2.phase2.of2.the2.cell2.cycle2.is2.DNA2.synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d.2 . M
ANS:2 . B
The2.four2.designated2.phases2.of2.the2.cell2.cycle2.are:2.(1)2.the2.G12.phase2.(G2.=2.gap),2.which2
.is2.the2.period2.between2.the2.M2.phase2.(M2.=2.mitosis)2.and2.the2.start2.of2.DNA2.synthesis;2.(2
)2.the2.S2.phase2.(S2.=2.synthesis),2.during2.which2.DNA2.is2.synthesized2.in2.the2.cell2.nucleus;2.
(3)2.the2.G22.phase,2.during2.which2.RNA2.and2.protein2.synthesis2.occurs,2.the2.period2.betwee
n2.the2.completion2.of2.DNA2.synthesis2.and2.the2.next2.phase2.(M);2.and2.(4)2.the2.M2.phase,2.
which2.includes2.nuclear2.and2.cytoplasmic2.division.
PTS:2 . 2 . 1 REF:2 . Page2.37
7. What2.organic2.compound2.facilitates2.transportation2.across2.cell2.membranes2.by2.actin
g2.as2.receptors,2.transport2.channels2.for2.electrolytes,2.and2.enzymes2.to2.drive2.active2.
pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d.2 . Carbohydrates
ANS:2 . C
