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SOLUTIONMANUAL
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, CONTENTS
1 THEPOWERSYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW
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2 BASIC PRINCIPLES
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3 GENERATORAND TRANSFORMERMODELS; j j j
THEPER-UNITSYSTEM
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4 TRANSMISSION LINEPARAMETERS j j 52
5 LINE MODEL AND PERFORMANCE
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6 POWERFLOWANALYSIS
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7 OPTIMALDISPATCH OFGENERATION
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8 SYNCHRONOUSMACHINE TRANSIENTANALYSIS j j j 170
9 BALANCED FAULT j 181
10 SYMMETRICALCOMPONENTS ANDUNBALANCEDFAULT j j j j 208
11 STABILITY 244
12 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL
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, CHAPTER1PROBLEMS j j
1.1 The demand estimation is the starting point for planning the future electric power
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supply.Theconsistencyofdemandgrowthovertheyearshasledtonumer- ous attempts
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to fit mathematical curves to this trend. One of the simplest curves is
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P = P0ea(t—t0)
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where a is the average per unit growth rate, P is the demand in year t, and P0 is the
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given demand at year t0.
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Assume the peak power demand in the United States in 1984 is 480 GW with an
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average growth rate of 3.4 percent. Using MATLAB, plot the predicated peak demand
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in GW from 1984 to 1999. Estimate the peak power demand for the year 1999.
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Weusethefollowingcommandstoplotthedemandgrowth
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t0 = 84; P0 = 480; j j j j j
a =.034; j
t =(84:1:99)’; j
P =P0*exp(a*(t-t0));
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disp(’Predicted Peak Demand - GW’)
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disp([t, P])
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plot(t, P), grid j j
xlabel(’Year’), ylabel(’Peak power demand GW’) j j j j
P99 =P0*exp(a*(99 - t0))
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The result is
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1
, 2 CONTENTS
Predicted Peak Demand - GW j j j j
84.0000 480.0000
85.0000 496.6006
86.0000 513.7753
87.0000 531.5441
88.0000 549.9273
89.0000 568.9463
90.0000 588.6231
91.0000 608.9804
92.0000 630.0418
93.0000 651.8315
94.0000 674.3740
95.0000 697.6978
96.0000 721.8274
97.0000 746.7916
98.0000 772.6190
99.0000 799.3398
P99 = j
799.3398
The plot of the predicated demand is shown n Figure 1.
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800. j
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Demand
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450 . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j . j.. j . j . j . j .
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84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
Year
FIGURE1 j
Peak Power Demand for Problem 1.1
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1.2 Ina certaincountry,theenergy consumptionisexpectedtodoublein10years.
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