Paediatrics
1
,Contents
1. Paediatric Emergencies
• Shock 4. Respiratory
• Paediatric CPR • Wheeze, Stridor, Cough and Breathlessness
• Respiratory Distress • Asthma
• Foreign Body Inhalation • Cystic Fibrosis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
• Heart Failure • Laryngomalacia, Tracheobronchiomalacia
• Tachyarrhythmias • Respiratory Infections:
• Anaphylaxis o URTI
• Burns o Laryngotracheal: Croup, Bacterial
• Septicaemia Tracheitis, Epiglottitis
• Poisoning and Antidotes o Bronchial: Whooping Cough, Bronchiolitis
• Altered GCS o Pneumonia
• Status Epilepticus
• Raised ICP 5. Cardiology
• DKA and Hypoglycaemia • Heart Failure
• ∆∆s Cyanosis and Murmur
2. Growth and Development • L->R Shunts – Acyanotic Heart Disease
• Normal and Abnormal Growth o Ventricular Septal Defect
• Normal Development and Milestones o Atrial Septal Defect
• Hearing and Vision o Patent Ductus Ateriosus
• Cerebral Palsy • R->L Shunts – Cyanotic Heart Disease
o Teratology of Fallot
• Genetics
o Transposition of the Great Arteries
3. Neonatology • Outflow Obstruction in Neonates
o Co-Arctation of the Aorta
• Neonatal Resuscitation
o Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
• Birth Injuries
o Truncus Arteriosus
• Birth Weights and Prematurity
• Outflow Obstruction in Children
• Neonatal Respiratory
o Aortic Stenosis
o Apnoea, Bradycardia + Hypotension
o Co-Arctation of the Aorta
o Respiratory Distress Syndrome
o HOCM
o Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
• Acquired Cardiac Disease
o Other Acute Respiratory Diseases
o Rheumatic Fever
o Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
o Infective Endocarditis
o PPH Of The Newborn
• Tachyarrhythmias
• Neonatal Gastroenterology
o Milk Feeding
o Neonatal Jaundice 6. Gastroenterology and Nutrition
o Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) • Acute Abdominal Pain:
o GORD in Infancy o ∆∆s for Acute Abdominal Pain
o Oesophageal Atresia o Appendicitis
o Small Bowel Obstruction: Pyloric o Meckel’s Diverticulum
Stenosis, Atresia, Intussusception, o Mesenteric Lymphadenitis
Volvulus, Meconium Ileus o Pancreatitis
o Omphalocele & Gastrochisis o Cholecystis and Cholangitis
• Neonatal Neurology • Nausea and Vomiting:
o ∆∆S Floppy Babies Neonatal Seizures o Gastroenteritis
o CNS Malformations o Neonates/Infants:
o Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy ▪ Infantile Colic
o Neonatal Stroke ▪ GORD in Infancy
o Periventricular Leukomalacia ▪ Obstruction: Pyloric Stenosis,
o Retinopathy of Prematurity Atresia, Intussusception, Volvulus
• Other: o GORD, Gastritis and Ulceration
o Congenital infections: TORCH • Chronic Abdominal Pain:
o Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
2
, o Coeliac Disease o Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
o Inflammatory Bowel Disease o Transient Synovitis
o Intestinal Parasites o Perthe’s Disease
• Change in Bowel Habits: o Slipped Femoral Epiphysis
o ∆∆s for Acute Diarrhoea • Knee Disorders:
o ∆∆s for Chronic Diarrhoea o Patellar #s and Dislocation
o ∆∆s for Malabsorption o Chondromalacia Patellae
o ∆∆s for Constipation o Osgood Schlatter’s Disease
o Osteochondritis Dissecans
7. Neurology and Psychiatry
• Fits, Faints and Funny Turns: 9. Infectious Diseases
o Paroxysmal Episodes/Collapse • ∆∆s The Child with Fever and Assessment
o Infant and Childhood Epilepsy Syndromes • Immunisation Schedule
• Headaches - Chronic: • Bacteraemia, Septicaemia and Shock + NICE
o Migraine Guidelines
o Tension and Cluster Headaches • Bacterial and Viral Meningitis
• Headaches – Acute: • Encephalitis
o Raised ICP, Idiopathic Intracranial HTN • UTI in Children
o Hydrocephalus • HIV and AIDS in children
o Brain Tumours • Tropical Infections
o Subdural Haemorrhage, Stroke • ∆∆s The Child with Rash
o Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis • Rash + Fever – the 5 Exanthems:
• Lipid Storage Disorders: o Measles
o Tay-Sach’s Disease o Scarlett Fever
o Gaucher Disease o Rubella (German Measles)
• Central Motor Disorders: o Parvovirus B19 (Slapped Cheek Sx)
o Cerebral Palsy o HHSV-6 (Roseala Infantum)
• Peripheral Motor Disorders: • Other Rash + Fever
o Spinal Cord Lesions o Chickenpox and VZV
o Lesions of Anterior Horn – Polio, SMA1 o Infectious Mononucleosis
o Peripheral Neuropathies – CMTD1, GBS o Mumps
o Disorders of the NMJ – Autoimmune and o Kawasaki Disease
congenital myasthenia gravis
o Myopathies – Duchenne’s, Becker’s, 10. Haematology
Dermatomyositis, Myotonic Dystrophy • Microcytic anaemia:
• Neurocutaenous Disorders: o Iron deficiency anaemia
o Tuberous Sclerosis o Sideroblastic anaemia
o Neurofibromatosis 1 + 2 o Anaemia of chronic disease
• Macrocytic anaemia:
• Persuasive Developmental Disorders: o B12 and folate deficiency
o Autism o Congenital, Aplastic: Diamond-
o Asperger’s, Rett’s Syndrome Blackfan, Fanconi’s
o Learning Disabilities o Acquired, Aplastic: Transient
• Behavioural: Eyrthoblastopenia of Childhood
o ODD, ADHD • Haemolytic Anaemias:
o Hereditary Spherocytosis
8. Musculoskeletal o G6PD Deficiency
• ∆∆s the Limping Child o Sickle Cell Disease
• Infection o Thalassemia
o Septic Arthritis • ∆∆s The Child with Bruising
o Osteomyelitis • Coagulation Factor Deficiencies
• Hip Disorders • Platelet Deficiencies/Dysfunction
3
, Paediatric Emergencies
4
1
,Contents
1. Paediatric Emergencies
• Shock 4. Respiratory
• Paediatric CPR • Wheeze, Stridor, Cough and Breathlessness
• Respiratory Distress • Asthma
• Foreign Body Inhalation • Cystic Fibrosis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
• Heart Failure • Laryngomalacia, Tracheobronchiomalacia
• Tachyarrhythmias • Respiratory Infections:
• Anaphylaxis o URTI
• Burns o Laryngotracheal: Croup, Bacterial
• Septicaemia Tracheitis, Epiglottitis
• Poisoning and Antidotes o Bronchial: Whooping Cough, Bronchiolitis
• Altered GCS o Pneumonia
• Status Epilepticus
• Raised ICP 5. Cardiology
• DKA and Hypoglycaemia • Heart Failure
• ∆∆s Cyanosis and Murmur
2. Growth and Development • L->R Shunts – Acyanotic Heart Disease
• Normal and Abnormal Growth o Ventricular Septal Defect
• Normal Development and Milestones o Atrial Septal Defect
• Hearing and Vision o Patent Ductus Ateriosus
• Cerebral Palsy • R->L Shunts – Cyanotic Heart Disease
o Teratology of Fallot
• Genetics
o Transposition of the Great Arteries
3. Neonatology • Outflow Obstruction in Neonates
o Co-Arctation of the Aorta
• Neonatal Resuscitation
o Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
• Birth Injuries
o Truncus Arteriosus
• Birth Weights and Prematurity
• Outflow Obstruction in Children
• Neonatal Respiratory
o Aortic Stenosis
o Apnoea, Bradycardia + Hypotension
o Co-Arctation of the Aorta
o Respiratory Distress Syndrome
o HOCM
o Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
• Acquired Cardiac Disease
o Other Acute Respiratory Diseases
o Rheumatic Fever
o Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
o Infective Endocarditis
o PPH Of The Newborn
• Tachyarrhythmias
• Neonatal Gastroenterology
o Milk Feeding
o Neonatal Jaundice 6. Gastroenterology and Nutrition
o Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) • Acute Abdominal Pain:
o GORD in Infancy o ∆∆s for Acute Abdominal Pain
o Oesophageal Atresia o Appendicitis
o Small Bowel Obstruction: Pyloric o Meckel’s Diverticulum
Stenosis, Atresia, Intussusception, o Mesenteric Lymphadenitis
Volvulus, Meconium Ileus o Pancreatitis
o Omphalocele & Gastrochisis o Cholecystis and Cholangitis
• Neonatal Neurology • Nausea and Vomiting:
o ∆∆S Floppy Babies Neonatal Seizures o Gastroenteritis
o CNS Malformations o Neonates/Infants:
o Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy ▪ Infantile Colic
o Neonatal Stroke ▪ GORD in Infancy
o Periventricular Leukomalacia ▪ Obstruction: Pyloric Stenosis,
o Retinopathy of Prematurity Atresia, Intussusception, Volvulus
• Other: o GORD, Gastritis and Ulceration
o Congenital infections: TORCH • Chronic Abdominal Pain:
o Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
2
, o Coeliac Disease o Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
o Inflammatory Bowel Disease o Transient Synovitis
o Intestinal Parasites o Perthe’s Disease
• Change in Bowel Habits: o Slipped Femoral Epiphysis
o ∆∆s for Acute Diarrhoea • Knee Disorders:
o ∆∆s for Chronic Diarrhoea o Patellar #s and Dislocation
o ∆∆s for Malabsorption o Chondromalacia Patellae
o ∆∆s for Constipation o Osgood Schlatter’s Disease
o Osteochondritis Dissecans
7. Neurology and Psychiatry
• Fits, Faints and Funny Turns: 9. Infectious Diseases
o Paroxysmal Episodes/Collapse • ∆∆s The Child with Fever and Assessment
o Infant and Childhood Epilepsy Syndromes • Immunisation Schedule
• Headaches - Chronic: • Bacteraemia, Septicaemia and Shock + NICE
o Migraine Guidelines
o Tension and Cluster Headaches • Bacterial and Viral Meningitis
• Headaches – Acute: • Encephalitis
o Raised ICP, Idiopathic Intracranial HTN • UTI in Children
o Hydrocephalus • HIV and AIDS in children
o Brain Tumours • Tropical Infections
o Subdural Haemorrhage, Stroke • ∆∆s The Child with Rash
o Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis • Rash + Fever – the 5 Exanthems:
• Lipid Storage Disorders: o Measles
o Tay-Sach’s Disease o Scarlett Fever
o Gaucher Disease o Rubella (German Measles)
• Central Motor Disorders: o Parvovirus B19 (Slapped Cheek Sx)
o Cerebral Palsy o HHSV-6 (Roseala Infantum)
• Peripheral Motor Disorders: • Other Rash + Fever
o Spinal Cord Lesions o Chickenpox and VZV
o Lesions of Anterior Horn – Polio, SMA1 o Infectious Mononucleosis
o Peripheral Neuropathies – CMTD1, GBS o Mumps
o Disorders of the NMJ – Autoimmune and o Kawasaki Disease
congenital myasthenia gravis
o Myopathies – Duchenne’s, Becker’s, 10. Haematology
Dermatomyositis, Myotonic Dystrophy • Microcytic anaemia:
• Neurocutaenous Disorders: o Iron deficiency anaemia
o Tuberous Sclerosis o Sideroblastic anaemia
o Neurofibromatosis 1 + 2 o Anaemia of chronic disease
• Macrocytic anaemia:
• Persuasive Developmental Disorders: o B12 and folate deficiency
o Autism o Congenital, Aplastic: Diamond-
o Asperger’s, Rett’s Syndrome Blackfan, Fanconi’s
o Learning Disabilities o Acquired, Aplastic: Transient
• Behavioural: Eyrthoblastopenia of Childhood
o ODD, ADHD • Haemolytic Anaemias:
o Hereditary Spherocytosis
8. Musculoskeletal o G6PD Deficiency
• ∆∆s the Limping Child o Sickle Cell Disease
• Infection o Thalassemia
o Septic Arthritis • ∆∆s The Child with Bruising
o Osteomyelitis • Coagulation Factor Deficiencies
• Hip Disorders • Platelet Deficiencies/Dysfunction
3
, Paediatric Emergencies
4
