BIO 431 EXAM 3 - Digestive System and Endocrine System Questions and Answers

BIO 431 EXAM 3 - Digestive System
and Endocrine System Questions
and Answers
defecation - ANSWER-Elimination of waste product through the anus

mesentery - ANSWER-- double layer of peritoneum - fused
- extends from the abdominal organ to the cavity wall
- provides pathways for blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels to the viscera
(abdominal organs)
- holds (anchors) organs in place
- location for fat storage

mesocolon - ANSWER-- loosely binds the large intestine to the posterior wall
- form of mesentery i.e. carries nerves and vessels to colon

mesocolon - ANSWER-

lesser omentum - ANSWER-- arises from the folds of peritoneum
- anchors the duodenum and the stomach to the liver
- extends from the less curvature of the stomach to the liver
- contains lymph nodes

lesser omentum - ANSWER-

greater omentum - ANSWER-

greater omentum - ANSWER-- largest peritoneum fold
- hangs loosely like a fatty apron over the transverse colon and small intestine
- double sheet that folds back over the on itself
- forms a 4 layer structure
- originates as a double layer off the greater curvature of the stomach
- run distal over the structure of the intestine
- loops back up to connect the transverse colon
- contains a large intestine amount of fat and lymph nodes

falciform ligament - ANSWER-- anchors the liver to the ventral abdominal wall and
diaphragm
- the liver is the only digestive organ anchored to the anterior wall
- formed by folding of the peritoneum in that region

falciform ligament - ANSWER-

, retroperitoneal - ANSWER-- some organs are not contained (wrapped) within the
peritoneal membrane
- they are located behind the membrane and are covered by peritoneum only on their
ventral surface
- primary: kidneys, pancreas, duodenum
- secondary: ascending colon and descending colon

esophagus - ANSWER-The ___ differs slightly on the outermost layer by missing the
serosa.

mucosa - ANSWER-inner most lining of the alimentary canal
- mucous membrane
- composed of epithelial tissue, areolar CT, and smooth muscle

lamina propria - ANSWER-Areolar CT that lies just deep to the epithelial tissue and
binds the epithelium with the muscularis mucosa
- contains MALT

muscularis mucosa - ANSWER-a thin layer of smooth muscle that lies deep to the
CT
- contraction of the ___ results in folds in the mucosa -> increased surface area for
digestion and absorption

submucosa - ANSWER-- next layer out consisting of the areolar CT
- binds the mucosa layer to the third layer, muscularis layer
- contains and houses a network of blood and lymph vessels for absorption and
glands
- contains Meissner's plexus of nerves that control the GI tract motility

meissners plexus - ANSWER-- regulates movement of the mucosa and
vasoconstriction of the blood vessels
- also controls secretory cells of the GI tract

muscularis - ANSWER-- thick layer of primarily sooth muscle arranged in two sheet
- inner sheet is circular
- outer sheet is longitudinal
- contains a plexus of the enteric nervous system (ENS) called Myenteric plexus (or
Auerbach's plexus) that controls the GI tract motility

serosa - ANSWER-- composed of CT and simple squamous epithelium
- outermost layer

palate - ANSWER-top of the mouth

hard palate - ANSWER-- anterior
- composed of several bones: palatine bone and palatine process of the maxillae
- divided down the middle by a ridge called Raphe, forms when the right and left
maxilla fused.
- Function: to provide a rigid surface for the tongue to push food against while
chewing; also with speech.