BIO 431 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
blood cells that phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and is effective against
parasitic worms - ANSWER-B lymphocytes, in response to the presence of foreign
substances (antigens) differentiate into tissue plasma cells that produce antibodies
T lymphocytes - ANSWER-main soldiers in immune system defense of the body
against microbial invaders
Diapedisis is a process in which - ANSWER-a. Neutrophils migrate from the
bloodstream to an injured tissue site.
Thrombopoietin - ANSWER-hormone from liver stimulates platelet formation and
develop into megakaryoblasts
Response to a damaged blood vessel - ANSWER-vascular spasm, platelet plug,
blood clotting
maternal antibodies attack fetal blood cells during second pregnancy - ANSWER-
mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive+
Prostacyclin - ANSWER-inhibits blood clotting and vasoconstriction and platelet
release
Isoantigens - ANSWER-genetically determined blood group antigens on RBCs
Agglutinogens - ANSWER-antigens on the surface of the RBC that is the basis for
blood typing
which precursor cells give rise to granular leukocytes? - ANSWER-myeloblast
which precursor cells give rise to agranular leukocytes? - ANSWER-lymphoblast
serum - ANSWER-plasma without clotting factors
megaloblastic anemia - ANSWER-a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which
the red blood cells are larger than normal. caused by inadequate B12 or folic acid
intake
Anemia - ANSWER-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Characteristics of erythrocytes - ANSWER--biconcave discs
, -1/3 of volume is hemoglobin
-able to readily squeeze through capillaries
-lack nuclei and mitochondria
Characteristics of platelets - ANSWER-flat, no nucleus
Rh blood group - ANSWER-Category of blood type. Rh is positive, without it is
negative
Mediastinum - ANSWER-area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae
cavae, esophagus, and trachea
Pericardium - ANSWER-Membrane surrounding the heart
pericardial fluid - ANSWER-serous fluid between parietal & visceral pericardium
layers of pericardium - ANSWER-(outer) fibrous and (inner) serous
serous pericardium - ANSWER-composed of a parietal layer and a visceral layer
systemic circulation - ANSWER-circulation that supplies blood to all the body except
to the lungs (left side of the heart)
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER-flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back
to the heart (right side of the heart)
coronary arteries - ANSWER-the two arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the
heart muscle
coronary veins - ANSWER-brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
authorhythmic cells - ANSWER-Part of the conducting system and spontaneously
generate action potentials
sinoatrial node - ANSWER-A small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers,
ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right
atrium, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat -- called also S-A
node, sinus node.
atrioventricular node - ANSWER-A specialized mass of conducting cells located at
the atrioventricular junction in the heart.
Systole - ANSWER-Contraction of the heart
Diastole - ANSWER-Relaxation of the heart
S1 (lub) - ANSWER-closure of AV valves
S2 (dub) - ANSWER-closure of semilunar valves
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
blood cells that phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and is effective against
parasitic worms - ANSWER-B lymphocytes, in response to the presence of foreign
substances (antigens) differentiate into tissue plasma cells that produce antibodies
T lymphocytes - ANSWER-main soldiers in immune system defense of the body
against microbial invaders
Diapedisis is a process in which - ANSWER-a. Neutrophils migrate from the
bloodstream to an injured tissue site.
Thrombopoietin - ANSWER-hormone from liver stimulates platelet formation and
develop into megakaryoblasts
Response to a damaged blood vessel - ANSWER-vascular spasm, platelet plug,
blood clotting
maternal antibodies attack fetal blood cells during second pregnancy - ANSWER-
mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive+
Prostacyclin - ANSWER-inhibits blood clotting and vasoconstriction and platelet
release
Isoantigens - ANSWER-genetically determined blood group antigens on RBCs
Agglutinogens - ANSWER-antigens on the surface of the RBC that is the basis for
blood typing
which precursor cells give rise to granular leukocytes? - ANSWER-myeloblast
which precursor cells give rise to agranular leukocytes? - ANSWER-lymphoblast
serum - ANSWER-plasma without clotting factors
megaloblastic anemia - ANSWER-a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which
the red blood cells are larger than normal. caused by inadequate B12 or folic acid
intake
Anemia - ANSWER-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Characteristics of erythrocytes - ANSWER--biconcave discs
, -1/3 of volume is hemoglobin
-able to readily squeeze through capillaries
-lack nuclei and mitochondria
Characteristics of platelets - ANSWER-flat, no nucleus
Rh blood group - ANSWER-Category of blood type. Rh is positive, without it is
negative
Mediastinum - ANSWER-area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae
cavae, esophagus, and trachea
Pericardium - ANSWER-Membrane surrounding the heart
pericardial fluid - ANSWER-serous fluid between parietal & visceral pericardium
layers of pericardium - ANSWER-(outer) fibrous and (inner) serous
serous pericardium - ANSWER-composed of a parietal layer and a visceral layer
systemic circulation - ANSWER-circulation that supplies blood to all the body except
to the lungs (left side of the heart)
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER-flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back
to the heart (right side of the heart)
coronary arteries - ANSWER-the two arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the
heart muscle
coronary veins - ANSWER-brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
authorhythmic cells - ANSWER-Part of the conducting system and spontaneously
generate action potentials
sinoatrial node - ANSWER-A small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers,
ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right
atrium, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat -- called also S-A
node, sinus node.
atrioventricular node - ANSWER-A specialized mass of conducting cells located at
the atrioventricular junction in the heart.
Systole - ANSWER-Contraction of the heart
Diastole - ANSWER-Relaxation of the heart
S1 (lub) - ANSWER-closure of AV valves
S2 (dub) - ANSWER-closure of semilunar valves
