APMLE Part II PQs Questions With Complete Solutions
Cortical bone advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
Stronger to maintain position
More stable fixation possible
Disadvantages
slower graft incorporation
less osteogenesis and osteoconduction
Cancellous bone advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
faster incorporation
increases osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis
Disadvantages
difficult to fixate
no structural abnormality
easily distorted position
How do you prevent seroma and hematoma?
Mesh or pie crust graft and apply compressive dressing
Contact dermatitis
An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with
certain chemicals or substances; many of these substances are
used in cosmetology.
,Type 4 hypersensitivity
Treatment: remove irritant, increase aeration, topical
hydrocortisone
Lichen planus
Flat-topped violaceous, shiny, polygonal shaped papules
Milky white papules with a fine white lacework called
Wickham's striae.
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P's)
10% develop pterygium
symmetrical in the flexor surfaces of the wrists, forearm, lower
abdomen
Treatment: topical corticosteroids with occlusion
A life threatening autoimmune condition characterized by an
intraepidermal blister leading to widespread painful erosions of
the skin and mucous membranes. Antibiotics are directed
against desmoglein molecules responsible for keratinocytes
adherence, leading to loss of cellular attachment. Usually middle
aged (40-60)
Pemphigus vulgaris
Which drug can rarely cause Pemphigus vulgaris?
1. Penicillamine (chelating agent that removes certain materials
from the blood)
2. ACE inhibitors
Nikolsky's sign
Sign in pemphigus vulgaris
It consists of pressing an existing bulla vertically with the finger
,tip and seeing an adjacent bulla form as the fluid is gently forced
peripherally to cleave the epidermis.
What is the treatment for Pemphigous vulgaris?
Long term corticosteroids are used at high doses in combination
with steroid-sparing agents (mycophenolate mofetil and
azathioprine) introduced early to decrease corticosteroid side
effects
During P&A, why is alcohol used after?
phenol is soluble in alcohol, and the alcohol will irrigate excess
phenol from the nail groove.
what percent phenol do you use in a nail procedure?
89%
Often misdiagnosed as plantar fascitis; an entrapment
neuropathy of the first branch of the LPN and pain with activity
Baxter neuritis ; entrapment between quadratus plantae and
abductor hallucis muscle
What is the most common type of distal tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Baxter nerve entrapment
Baxter neuritis treatment
Neurolysis
They are herniation of the joint linings and often associated with
exostosis; most common lesion affecting the joints and joint
structures
Ganglion cyst
, According to HIPAA, who has access to pt's records?
Lawyer rep pt
ANA seen in
Lupus
Scleroderma
RA
Sjogren's
Dermatomyositis
Polyarteritis
Which lab test can help you detect an immune disease?
CBC
ESR vs CRP
Both are non-specific indicator of inflammation and tissue
trauma
CRP is elevated sooner and returns to normal sooner.
ASA Classification
I. A normal healthy patient
II. A patient with mild to moderate systemic disease
III. A patient with severe systemic disease that limits activity but
is not incapacitating
IV. A patient with severe systemic disease and is a common
threat to life
V. A moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hours with or
without an operation.
Chisel vs osteotome
Cortical bone advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
Stronger to maintain position
More stable fixation possible
Disadvantages
slower graft incorporation
less osteogenesis and osteoconduction
Cancellous bone advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
faster incorporation
increases osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis
Disadvantages
difficult to fixate
no structural abnormality
easily distorted position
How do you prevent seroma and hematoma?
Mesh or pie crust graft and apply compressive dressing
Contact dermatitis
An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with
certain chemicals or substances; many of these substances are
used in cosmetology.
,Type 4 hypersensitivity
Treatment: remove irritant, increase aeration, topical
hydrocortisone
Lichen planus
Flat-topped violaceous, shiny, polygonal shaped papules
Milky white papules with a fine white lacework called
Wickham's striae.
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P's)
10% develop pterygium
symmetrical in the flexor surfaces of the wrists, forearm, lower
abdomen
Treatment: topical corticosteroids with occlusion
A life threatening autoimmune condition characterized by an
intraepidermal blister leading to widespread painful erosions of
the skin and mucous membranes. Antibiotics are directed
against desmoglein molecules responsible for keratinocytes
adherence, leading to loss of cellular attachment. Usually middle
aged (40-60)
Pemphigus vulgaris
Which drug can rarely cause Pemphigus vulgaris?
1. Penicillamine (chelating agent that removes certain materials
from the blood)
2. ACE inhibitors
Nikolsky's sign
Sign in pemphigus vulgaris
It consists of pressing an existing bulla vertically with the finger
,tip and seeing an adjacent bulla form as the fluid is gently forced
peripherally to cleave the epidermis.
What is the treatment for Pemphigous vulgaris?
Long term corticosteroids are used at high doses in combination
with steroid-sparing agents (mycophenolate mofetil and
azathioprine) introduced early to decrease corticosteroid side
effects
During P&A, why is alcohol used after?
phenol is soluble in alcohol, and the alcohol will irrigate excess
phenol from the nail groove.
what percent phenol do you use in a nail procedure?
89%
Often misdiagnosed as plantar fascitis; an entrapment
neuropathy of the first branch of the LPN and pain with activity
Baxter neuritis ; entrapment between quadratus plantae and
abductor hallucis muscle
What is the most common type of distal tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Baxter nerve entrapment
Baxter neuritis treatment
Neurolysis
They are herniation of the joint linings and often associated with
exostosis; most common lesion affecting the joints and joint
structures
Ganglion cyst
, According to HIPAA, who has access to pt's records?
Lawyer rep pt
ANA seen in
Lupus
Scleroderma
RA
Sjogren's
Dermatomyositis
Polyarteritis
Which lab test can help you detect an immune disease?
CBC
ESR vs CRP
Both are non-specific indicator of inflammation and tissue
trauma
CRP is elevated sooner and returns to normal sooner.
ASA Classification
I. A normal healthy patient
II. A patient with mild to moderate systemic disease
III. A patient with severe systemic disease that limits activity but
is not incapacitating
IV. A patient with severe systemic disease and is a common
threat to life
V. A moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hours with or
without an operation.
Chisel vs osteotome
