, Test Bank, Chapter 1 nz nz nz
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation t
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o the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive succe
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ss and passed the trait to their offspring
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(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
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(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes t
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
o accommodate lower oxygen levels
nz nz nz nz
(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(a) are homologous traits
nz nz
(b) arose through convergent evolution
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(c) are the result of natural selection
nz nz nz nz nz
(d) b and c are correct
nz nz nz nz
(e) all are correct
nz nz
3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
nz nz nz nz nz
(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) are homologous traits
nz nz
(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans an
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
d whales
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(d) all are correct
nz nz
(e) none are correct nz nz
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
nz nz nz nz
(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
like teeth or baleen
nz nz nz
(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
of extinct land mammals
nz nz nz
(d) a and c are correct
nz nz nz nz
(e) b and c are correct
nz nz nz nz
5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
nz nz nz
(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
nz nz nz nz
(c) the lack of hindlegs
nz nz nz
(d) peg-like teeth nz
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whalesnz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) DNA evidence nz
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
of time in the water
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(d) a and b are correct
nz nz nz nz
(e) all of the above
nz nz nz
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food f
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
or animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) changes in sea temperature nz nz nz
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
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(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve s
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
o rapidly:
nz
(a) they have a high mutation rate
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(b) they have a high replication rate
nz nz nz nz nz
(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
nz nz nz nz
(d) none of the above nz nz nz
(e) all of the above
nz nz nz
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of dru
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
g resistance in a virus:
nz nz nz nz
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
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(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might b
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
e resistant
nz
(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becomin
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
g resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against t
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
his virion nz
(d) all of the above
nz nz nz
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strai
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
n would be inaccurate if:
nz nz nz nz
(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineagesnz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(d) none of the above nz nz nz
, 11. New mutations: nz
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) are rare in a population nz nz nz nz
(d) a and b are correct nz nz nz nz
(e) all are correct nz nz
12. Evolution occurs when: nz nz
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from on
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e generation to the next
nz nz nz nz
(c) a and b are both correct
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(d) Neither a or b is correct nz nz nz nz nz
Short answer/essay. nz
1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetacean
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
s that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are the
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
n stop growing. nz nz
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sens
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e if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
nz nz nz nz nz
3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiod
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
actyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hin
n z nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
dlimbs.
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinc
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
t whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
nz nz nz nz nz nz
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotopes
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutron
nz nz nz nz n z nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
s (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate m
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
ore heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thus,
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz n z nz
by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil wh
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
ales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiting f
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
reshwater or seawater environments, scientists were able to determine w
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
hether extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation t
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
o the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive succe
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
ss and passed the trait to their offspring
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes t
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
o accommodate lower oxygen levels
nz nz nz nz
(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(a) are homologous traits
nz nz
(b) arose through convergent evolution
nz nz nz
(c) are the result of natural selection
nz nz nz nz nz
(d) b and c are correct
nz nz nz nz
(e) all are correct
nz nz
3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
nz nz nz nz nz
(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) are homologous traits
nz nz
(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans an
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
d whales
nz
(d) all are correct
nz nz
(e) none are correct nz nz
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
nz nz nz nz
(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
like teeth or baleen
nz nz nz
(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
of extinct land mammals
nz nz nz
(d) a and c are correct
nz nz nz nz
(e) b and c are correct
nz nz nz nz
5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
nz nz nz
(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
nz nz nz nz
(c) the lack of hindlegs
nz nz nz
(d) peg-like teeth nz
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whalesnz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) DNA evidence nz
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
of time in the water
nz nz nz nz
(d) a and b are correct
nz nz nz nz
(e) all of the above
nz nz nz
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food f
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
or animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) changes in sea temperature nz nz nz
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
nz nz nz nz nz
(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve s
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
o rapidly:
nz
(a) they have a high mutation rate
nz nz nz nz nz
(b) they have a high replication rate
nz nz nz nz nz
(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
nz nz nz nz
(d) none of the above nz nz nz
(e) all of the above
nz nz nz
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of dru
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
g resistance in a virus:
nz nz nz nz
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might b
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
e resistant
nz
(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becomin
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
g resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against t
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
his virion nz
(d) all of the above
nz nz nz
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strai
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
n would be inaccurate if:
nz nz nz nz
(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineagesnz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(d) none of the above nz nz nz
, 11. New mutations: nz
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(c) are rare in a population nz nz nz nz
(d) a and b are correct nz nz nz nz
(e) all are correct nz nz
12. Evolution occurs when: nz nz
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from on
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
e generation to the next
nz nz nz nz
(c) a and b are both correct
nz nz nz nz nz
(d) Neither a or b is correct nz nz nz nz nz
Short answer/essay. nz
1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetacean
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
s that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are the
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
n stop growing. nz nz
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sens
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
e if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
nz nz nz nz nz
3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiod
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
actyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hin
n z nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
dlimbs.
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinc
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
t whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
nz nz nz nz nz nz
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotopes
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutron
nz nz nz nz n z nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
s (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate m
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
ore heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thus,
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz n z nz
by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil wh
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
ales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiting f
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
reshwater or seawater environments, scientists were able to determine w
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
hether extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz nz
