Counseling Theories Midterm Exam Questions With Correct Answers

Counseling Theories Midterm Exam
Questions With Correct Answers

Psychoanalysis' |founder |is |______ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sigmund |Freud



Psychoanalysis |important |theoretical |concepts |include: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Symptoms |
Have |Meaning

-Three |Structures |for |Personality |(ID, |Superego, |and |Ego)

-Stages |of |Development: |how |personality |develops |throughout |life |span

-Defense |Mechanisms

-Dreams |and |the |Unconscious



Psychoanalysis |View |of |Human |Nature |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--emphasized |both |the |
influence |of |biology |and |of |early |childhood |experiences |

--Biology: |Freud |believed |that |people |go |through |predictable |stages |of |development |and |must |
struggle |between |sexual |drives |and |the |need |to |behave |in |a |socially |acceptable |way. |

--Early |patterns |of |attachment |and |how |people |go |through |stages |of |development |may |
mediate |biological |processes



-Freud |stated |that |each |person |has |a |conscious |mind, |a |preconscious |mind, |and |an |
unconscious |mind

--Conscious |mind: |awareness |of |outside |world

--Preconscious |mind: |hidden |memories |or |forgotten |experiences |that |can |be |recalled |or |
remembered

--Unconscious |mind: |instinctual, |repressed, |and |powerful |urges |(may |be |sexual |in |nature)

,The |Id |in |Psychoanalysis |is |_______ |and |the |principle |associated |with |it |is |the |_________ |
principle |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Comprised |of |basic |instincts |and |present |at |birth; |Pleasure



The |Pleasure |Principle |is |________ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Intolerant |of |pain, |tension, |and |
discomfort |and |seeks |to |avoid |these |feelings |by |pursuing |pleasure |and |gratification.



Two |important |strategies |for |obtaining |pleasure: |

--Reflex |actions: |automatic |process |such |as |coughing, |blinking |that |reduce |tensions

--Primary |process: |allows |people |to |form |mental |image |of |remedy |to |alleviate |the |discomfort |

--Freud |believed |that |dreams |served |this |function |to |represent |the |desires |of |the |mind |
through |sleep



The |Superego |is |_______ |and |the |principle |associated |with |it |is |the |______ |principle |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔---contains |the |values |of |parental |figures, |societal |expectations, |as |well |
as |racial, |cultural, |and |national |traditions

--Internalizes |the |rules |and |guidelines |of |a |person's |world

--Allows |self-control |to |take |the |place |of |parental |control

--Essential |function |is |inhibiting |the |Id |(can |make |the |person |too |controlling |and |extreme)



Moral |Principle



The |Moral |Principle |is |________ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Perfectionistic |and |diligent |in |
discriminating |between |good |and |bad, |right |and |wrong. |



--When |people |follow |their |superego, |they |feel |proud |and |righteous |



--Yet |they |sacrifice |pleasure |and |gratification

When |ignored, |people |may |feel |shame, |guilt, |and |anxiety

,The |Ego |is |_______ |and |the |principle |associated |with |it |is |the |_____ |principle |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-"executive |of |the |mind"; |part |of |the |conscious |that |formulates |and |makes |
decisions



Reality |Principle



The |Reality |Principle |is |____________ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--uses |logic, |intelligence, |
objectivity, |and |awareness |of |external |reality |to |consider, |modify, |and |integrate |both |internal |
and |external |pressures |on |a |person



--Decides |when |and |how |person |should |respond |to |those |demands



--Identifies |wise |choices |and |behaviors |that |promote |self-preservation



Developmental |Stages |of |Psychoanalysis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Oral |Stage

2. |Anal |Stage

3. |Phallic |Stage

4. |Latency |Stage

5. |Genital |Stage



Defense |Mechanisms |in |Psychoanalysis |are: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |way |of |coping |with |
anxiety |on |the |unconscious |level |by |denying |or |distorting |reality



Some |examples |of |unhealthy |defense |mechanisms |and |their |meanings |would |be: |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |Repression: |unknowingly |placing |an |unpleasant |memory |or |thought |in |the |
unconscious

, 2. |Projection: |Attributing |one's |own |unacceptable |feelings |and |thoughts |to |others |and |not |
yourself



3. |Displacement: |Redirecting |unacceptable |feelings |from |the |original |source |to |a |safer, |
substitute |target



4. |Reaction |formation: |acting |in |exactly |the |opposite |way |to |one's |unacceptable |impulses



5. |Rationalization: |creating |false |excuses |for |one's |unacceptable |feelings, |thoughts, |or |behavior



Healthy |Defense |Mechanism |would |include |and |their |meanings: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |
Affiliation: |turning |to |other |for |help |and |support |but |retaining |responsibility |for |one's |own |
difficulties



2. |Altruism: |deriving |satisfaction |from |investing |heavily |in |helping |others



3. |Anticipation: |reducing |anxiety |by |considering |the |probable |consequences |of |future |events |
and |finding |ways |to |address |them |effectively



4. |Humor: |Focusing |on |the |amusing |aspects |of |situations



5. |Sublimation: |Redirecting |potentially |harmful |emotions |or |impulses |into |socially |acceptable |
ones



A |Freudian |slip |is: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |misstatement |that |reveals |an |unconscious |wish |
or |feeling |



ex. |the |last |day |of |school |is |freeday |(instead |of |Friday)