HYPERTENSION,FNP 1 FINAL EXAM
2025 ORGANIZED QUESTIONS STEP
BY STEP EXPLANATIONS AND
REVIEW GUIDE ALREADY GRADED
A+ AND 100% GUARANTEE PASS
(BRAND NEW!!!!!!!)
How many blood pressure readings are needed in a week to
allow for good clinical decision making? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-12
readings / week
When should you consider initiating hypertension therapy with
TWO drugs instead of just one? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-if SBP is 20
mmHg over goal or DBP is 10 mmHg over goal (20/10) - one
drug should be a diuretic
* it's nice to use multi-drug combinations (i.e. HCTZ +
spironolactone)
What is the blood pressure goal for pts with diabetes or renal
disease of ALL AGES? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-consider a goal of
140/90
What are two potential side effects that spironolactone can
cause in men? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-gynecomastia and erectile
dysfunction
,Name some common potassium sparing diuretics? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-spironolactone (aldactone)
amiloride
What class (es) of antihypertensive medication increases the
risk of hyperkalemia when administered w/potassium sparing
diuretics? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-ACEI, ARB
What elements should be included in a focused exam of pt
w/hypertension? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- eyes (fundoscopic exam)
- head/neck (thyroid, carotid bruits, JVD)
- cardiac (murmurs, arrhythmias, friction rubs)
-abdomen (masses, bruits, hepatomegaly,violaceous striae)
- extremities (diminished peripheral pulses, edema)
- skin (hirsutism, acne, acanthosis nigricans)
Findings in the FUNDOSCOPIC EXAM of pt with
HYPERTENSION? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-1. arteriolar narrowing
2. arteriolar/venous nicking
3. optic-disk swelling.
4. cotton wool spots (soft exudates)
cotton wool spot: caused by damage to retinal nerve fibers (d/t
anything that occludes retinal arteries)
How much can the DASH diet reduce SBP?
, How much can weight loss reduce SBP?
What are other lifestyle modifications? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
DASH lowers 8 - 14 mm Hg
Weight loss lowers 5 - 20 mm Hg per 10 kg
Reduce dietary sodium (lowers 2-8 mmHg)
Physical activity most days/week (lowers 4-9 mmHg)
Moderate alcohol consumption, 2 drinks/day in men and 1
drink/day women (lowers 2-4 mmHg)
What medication(s) is appropriate for initiating hypertension
treatment for an African-American with no comorbidities?
What medication(s) is appropriate for initiating hypertension
treatment for a non-Black patient with no comorbidities? - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-Black: thiazide or CCB (alone of in combination)
non-Black: thiazide, CCB, ACE or ARB
PER THE ADA = What medication(s) is appropriate for
initiating hypertension treatment for a DIABETIC?
2025 ORGANIZED QUESTIONS STEP
BY STEP EXPLANATIONS AND
REVIEW GUIDE ALREADY GRADED
A+ AND 100% GUARANTEE PASS
(BRAND NEW!!!!!!!)
How many blood pressure readings are needed in a week to
allow for good clinical decision making? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-12
readings / week
When should you consider initiating hypertension therapy with
TWO drugs instead of just one? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-if SBP is 20
mmHg over goal or DBP is 10 mmHg over goal (20/10) - one
drug should be a diuretic
* it's nice to use multi-drug combinations (i.e. HCTZ +
spironolactone)
What is the blood pressure goal for pts with diabetes or renal
disease of ALL AGES? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-consider a goal of
140/90
What are two potential side effects that spironolactone can
cause in men? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-gynecomastia and erectile
dysfunction
,Name some common potassium sparing diuretics? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-spironolactone (aldactone)
amiloride
What class (es) of antihypertensive medication increases the
risk of hyperkalemia when administered w/potassium sparing
diuretics? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-ACEI, ARB
What elements should be included in a focused exam of pt
w/hypertension? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-- eyes (fundoscopic exam)
- head/neck (thyroid, carotid bruits, JVD)
- cardiac (murmurs, arrhythmias, friction rubs)
-abdomen (masses, bruits, hepatomegaly,violaceous striae)
- extremities (diminished peripheral pulses, edema)
- skin (hirsutism, acne, acanthosis nigricans)
Findings in the FUNDOSCOPIC EXAM of pt with
HYPERTENSION? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-1. arteriolar narrowing
2. arteriolar/venous nicking
3. optic-disk swelling.
4. cotton wool spots (soft exudates)
cotton wool spot: caused by damage to retinal nerve fibers (d/t
anything that occludes retinal arteries)
How much can the DASH diet reduce SBP?
, How much can weight loss reduce SBP?
What are other lifestyle modifications? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
DASH lowers 8 - 14 mm Hg
Weight loss lowers 5 - 20 mm Hg per 10 kg
Reduce dietary sodium (lowers 2-8 mmHg)
Physical activity most days/week (lowers 4-9 mmHg)
Moderate alcohol consumption, 2 drinks/day in men and 1
drink/day women (lowers 2-4 mmHg)
What medication(s) is appropriate for initiating hypertension
treatment for an African-American with no comorbidities?
What medication(s) is appropriate for initiating hypertension
treatment for a non-Black patient with no comorbidities? - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-Black: thiazide or CCB (alone of in combination)
non-Black: thiazide, CCB, ACE or ARB
PER THE ADA = What medication(s) is appropriate for
initiating hypertension treatment for a DIABETIC?
