1
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WGU D023 School Financial Leadership
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
1st Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The period of
local district financial responsibility, with little or no assistance from
the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
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-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The period of
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emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat grants,
subventions, and other nonequalizing state allocations to local
districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable
programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The
emergence of the Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation program
(minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was
required in the richest district of the state to provide a foundation,
or minimum, program. The rich district would receive no state
funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to
provide the foundation program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The period of
refinement of the foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
, 2
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-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] "Power" or
"open-end" (shared costs) equalization practices
-20th century
Equalization [ ANS: ] state and local districts began exercising a
degree of partnership in establishing and paying for a basic
program of education for every school-age child in the state—at
least in theory. In practice, the link between funding and program
quality was questionable.
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open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan [ ANS: ] the
percentage of this program to be paid by each individual district
and by the state. This percentage of state funds would be high for
poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination
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has been made for each district, the same partnership ratio would
be maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in
each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The shift of
emphasis and influence, and funding for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural
disasters, fluctuating prices in energy, had to rethink budget and
safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] A focus on
adequacy in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and
requirements, and must be constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
, 3
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Foundational funding [ ANS: ] The state provides a minimal level
of funding as a guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of
this system is to counteract the disparity of wealth across various
districts of a state.
Common School Era [ ANS: ] Local school districts were formed to
support the education of the local population, many of whom
were the children of immigrants. In order to accommodate this
influx of educational need with limited personal resources, local
property taxes became mandated to support public schools.
Early Colonial Schooling [ ANS: ] Funded through tuition or rate
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changes, primarily as a funding of the local community or church
of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which
document? [ ANS: ] State Constitution
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-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed
in each state's constitution. Access to education and the quality
are different depending upon how the state defines its language.
For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal" to
educate all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and
equality litigation while a "goal" may provide more flexibility in
disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure? [ ANS: ] The pupil
expenditure is the total expense accounted for by that specific
student. For example, this funding amount includes but is not
limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human
resource expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil,
personnel), facility expenses (building construction, maintenance,
utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies,
technology, materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will
vary as the cost of living changes for the location, but in many
states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
WGU D023 School Financial Leadership
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
1st Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The period of
local district financial responsibility, with little or no assistance from
the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
© 2025 Assignment Expert
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The period of
Guru01 - Stuvia
emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat grants,
subventions, and other nonequalizing state allocations to local
districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable
programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The
emergence of the Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation program
(minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was
required in the richest district of the state to provide a foundation,
or minimum, program. The rich district would receive no state
funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to
provide the foundation program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The period of
refinement of the foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
, 2
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-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] "Power" or
"open-end" (shared costs) equalization practices
-20th century
Equalization [ ANS: ] state and local districts began exercising a
degree of partnership in establishing and paying for a basic
program of education for every school-age child in the state—at
least in theory. In practice, the link between funding and program
quality was questionable.
© 2025 Assignment Expert
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan [ ANS: ] the
percentage of this program to be paid by each individual district
and by the state. This percentage of state funds would be high for
poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination
Guru01 - Stuvia
has been made for each district, the same partnership ratio would
be maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in
each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] The shift of
emphasis and influence, and funding for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural
disasters, fluctuating prices in energy, had to rethink budget and
safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance [ ANS: ] A focus on
adequacy in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and
requirements, and must be constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Foundational funding [ ANS: ] The state provides a minimal level
of funding as a guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of
this system is to counteract the disparity of wealth across various
districts of a state.
Common School Era [ ANS: ] Local school districts were formed to
support the education of the local population, many of whom
were the children of immigrants. In order to accommodate this
influx of educational need with limited personal resources, local
property taxes became mandated to support public schools.
Early Colonial Schooling [ ANS: ] Funded through tuition or rate
© 2025 Assignment Expert
changes, primarily as a funding of the local community or church
of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which
document? [ ANS: ] State Constitution
Guru01 - Stuvia
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed
in each state's constitution. Access to education and the quality
are different depending upon how the state defines its language.
For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal" to
educate all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and
equality litigation while a "goal" may provide more flexibility in
disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure? [ ANS: ] The pupil
expenditure is the total expense accounted for by that specific
student. For example, this funding amount includes but is not
limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human
resource expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil,
personnel), facility expenses (building construction, maintenance,
utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies,
technology, materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will
vary as the cost of living changes for the location, but in many
states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed
