Microbiology 303 Exam test queries
with answers graded A+
Who was Robert Hooke? - ANS✅✅Robert Hooke built the first microscope and coined the term
"cell"
Who was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek? - ANS✅✅Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is considered the "Father
of Microbiology"
He also looked at lake water and had the first glimpses of microorganisms, which he called "wee
animalcules"
Who was Louis Pasteur? - ANS✅✅Louis Pasteur is considered the "Modern Father of
Microbiology"
Through experiments using a swan-necked flask, Louis was able to determine that the air contains
microorganisms which disproved spontaneous generation.
Who was Robert Koch? - ANS✅✅Robert Kock developed the Germ Theory and established a chain
of infection/a cause of disease (proved cause of anthrax and TB) using Koch's Postulates.
What are Koch's postulates? - ANS✅✅1. The same microbe must be found in all cases of the
disease but absent from any healthy individuals.
2. The microbe can be isolated and then grown in a pure culture
3. When microbe is then introduced to a new healthy, susceptible host, the same disease must occur
4. The same strain of microbe can then be obtained from the newly diseased host.
What classification is microbial work in? - ANS✅✅Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? - ANS✅✅Prokaryotes do not have a
membrane-bound nucleus (tey have nucleoid)
Eukaryotes do have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
What three groups are Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes split into? - ANS✅✅bacteria, archaea, and
eukarya
, What are the characteristics of bacteria? - ANS✅✅Prokaryotic, unicellular, DNA is found in
nucleoid, cell wall is made with peptidoglycan, multiply using binary fission, and move using flagella
What are the characteristics of archaea? - ANS✅✅prokaryotes, unicellular, cell wall without
peptidoglycan, many are extremophiles
What are the characteristics of eukarya? - ANS✅✅eukaryotes, can be unicellular or multicellular,
cell wall without peptidoglycan examples: protist, mushroom, animals
which group of microbes uses peptidoglycan in the cell wall? - ANS✅✅bacteria
what are the similarties and differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukarya? -
ANS✅✅bacteria and archaea are both unicellular and archaea and eukarya both do not use
peptidoglycan in their cell walls
what magnification is electron microscopy? - ANS✅✅100,000x
what are the two types of electron microscopes? - ANS✅✅transmission electron microscope and
scanning electron microscope
what is a transmission electron microscope? - ANS✅✅it transmits electrons through a specimen
(cutting it) to highlight intracellular structures
what is a scanning electron microscope? - ANS✅✅scanning electron microscopes highlight surface
structures of a specimen that is coated with gold
what is a simple stain - ANS✅✅use of one basic dye to determine morphology of a specimen
what are the basic dyes - ANS✅✅methylene blue, crystal violet are more commonly used than
acidic dyes such as nigrosine and india ink
What are the types of differential stains - ANS✅✅Gram and acid fast
with answers graded A+
Who was Robert Hooke? - ANS✅✅Robert Hooke built the first microscope and coined the term
"cell"
Who was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek? - ANS✅✅Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is considered the "Father
of Microbiology"
He also looked at lake water and had the first glimpses of microorganisms, which he called "wee
animalcules"
Who was Louis Pasteur? - ANS✅✅Louis Pasteur is considered the "Modern Father of
Microbiology"
Through experiments using a swan-necked flask, Louis was able to determine that the air contains
microorganisms which disproved spontaneous generation.
Who was Robert Koch? - ANS✅✅Robert Kock developed the Germ Theory and established a chain
of infection/a cause of disease (proved cause of anthrax and TB) using Koch's Postulates.
What are Koch's postulates? - ANS✅✅1. The same microbe must be found in all cases of the
disease but absent from any healthy individuals.
2. The microbe can be isolated and then grown in a pure culture
3. When microbe is then introduced to a new healthy, susceptible host, the same disease must occur
4. The same strain of microbe can then be obtained from the newly diseased host.
What classification is microbial work in? - ANS✅✅Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? - ANS✅✅Prokaryotes do not have a
membrane-bound nucleus (tey have nucleoid)
Eukaryotes do have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
What three groups are Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes split into? - ANS✅✅bacteria, archaea, and
eukarya
, What are the characteristics of bacteria? - ANS✅✅Prokaryotic, unicellular, DNA is found in
nucleoid, cell wall is made with peptidoglycan, multiply using binary fission, and move using flagella
What are the characteristics of archaea? - ANS✅✅prokaryotes, unicellular, cell wall without
peptidoglycan, many are extremophiles
What are the characteristics of eukarya? - ANS✅✅eukaryotes, can be unicellular or multicellular,
cell wall without peptidoglycan examples: protist, mushroom, animals
which group of microbes uses peptidoglycan in the cell wall? - ANS✅✅bacteria
what are the similarties and differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukarya? -
ANS✅✅bacteria and archaea are both unicellular and archaea and eukarya both do not use
peptidoglycan in their cell walls
what magnification is electron microscopy? - ANS✅✅100,000x
what are the two types of electron microscopes? - ANS✅✅transmission electron microscope and
scanning electron microscope
what is a transmission electron microscope? - ANS✅✅it transmits electrons through a specimen
(cutting it) to highlight intracellular structures
what is a scanning electron microscope? - ANS✅✅scanning electron microscopes highlight surface
structures of a specimen that is coated with gold
what is a simple stain - ANS✅✅use of one basic dye to determine morphology of a specimen
what are the basic dyes - ANS✅✅methylene blue, crystal violet are more commonly used than
acidic dyes such as nigrosine and india ink
What are the types of differential stains - ANS✅✅Gram and acid fast
