2025 OCR AS Level Classical Greek H044/02 Literature
Combined Question Paper & Final Marking Scheme
Oxford Cambridge and RSA
Wednesday 21 May 2025 – Afternoon
AS Level Classical Greek
H044/02 Literature
Time allowed: 2 hours
You must have:
• the OCR 12-page Answer Booklet
Do not use:
• a dictionary
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 12 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
, © OCR 2025 [601/8382/2] OCR is an exempt Charity
DC (ST) 354766/2 Turn over
*1883337796*
, 2
Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B
Section A
Prose Literature
Answer Question 1 or Question 2
1 Read the following passages and answer the questions.
ἀπικοµένους δὲ τούς Φοίνικας ἐς δὴ τὸ Ἄργος τοῦτο διατίθεσθαι τὸν φόρτον.
πέµπτῃ δὲ ἢ ἕκτῃ ἡµέρῃ ἀπ᾽ ἧς ἀπίκοντο, ἐξεµποληµένων σφι σχεδόν πάντων,
ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν γυναῖκας ἄλλας τε πολλάς καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέος
θυγατέρα· τὸ δέ οἱ οὔνοµα εἶναι, κατὰ τὠυτὸ τὸ καὶ Ἕλληνές λέγουσι, Ἰοῦν τὴν
Ἰνάχου· ταύτας στάσας κατά πρύµνην τῆς νεὸς ὠνέεσθαι τῶν φορτίων τῶν σφι 5
ἦν θυµός µάλιστα, καὶ τοὺς Φοίνικας διακελευσαµένους ὁρµῆσαι ἐπ᾽ αὐτάς. τὰς
µὲν δὴ πλεῦνας τῶν γυναικῶν ἀποφυγεῖν, τὴν δὲ Ἰοῦν σὺν ἄλλῃσι ἁρπασθῆναι·
ἐσβαλοµένους δὲ ἐς τὴν νέα οἴχεσθαι ἀποπλέοντας ἐπ᾽ Αἰγύπτου.
οὕτω µὲν Ἰοῦν ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπικέσθαι λέγουσι Πέρσαι, οὐκ ὡς Ἕλληνες, καὶ
τῶν ἀδικηµάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι· µετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἑλλήνων τινάς (οὐ γὰρ 10
ἔχουσι τοὔνοµα ἀπηγήσασθαι) φασὶ τῆς Φοινίκης ἐς Τύρον προσσχόντας
ἁρπάσαι τοῦ βασιλέος τὴν θυγατέρα Εὐρώπην. εἴησαν δ᾽ ἄν οὗτοι Κρῆτες.
ταῦτα µὲν δὴ ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα σφι γενέσθαι· µετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἕλληνας αἰτίους τῆς
δευτέρης ἀδικίης γενέσθαι. καταπλώσαντας γὰρ µακρῇ νηί ἐς Αἶάν τε τὴν
Κολχίδα καὶ ἐπὶ Φᾶσιν ποταµόν, ἐνθεῦτεν, διαπρηξαµένους καὶ τἄλλα τῶν 15
εἵνεκεν ἀπίκατο, ἁρπάσαι τοῦ βασιλέος τὴν θυγατέρα Μηδείην.
Herodotus, Histories 1.1–2
(a) ἀπικοµένους … θυγατέρα (lines 1–4): how did Io meet the Phoenicians? [3]
(b) Translate τὸ δέ οἱ οὔνοµα … ἐπ᾽ Αἰγύπτου (lines 4–8). [5]
(c) οὕτω µὲν Ἰοῦν … ἀδικίης γενέσθαι (lines 9–14): how does Herodotus attempt to make his
account seem credible and reasonable?
Make three points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [6]
(d) καταπλώσαντας … Μηδείην (lines 14–16): what does Herodotus claim the Greeks then did? [3]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25
, 3
µαθοῦσὰ δὲ τὸ ποιηθέν ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς οὔτε ἀνέβωσε αἰσχυνθεῖσα οὔτε ἔδοξε
µαθεῖν, ἐν νόῳ ἔχουσα τίσεσθαι τὸν Κανδαύλεα· παρὰ γὰρ τοῖσι Λυδοῖσι,
σχεδὸν δὲ καὶ παρὰ τοῖσι ἄλλοισι βαρβάροισι, καὶ ἄνδρα ὀφθῆναι γυµνόν ἐς
αἰσχύνην µεγάλην φέρει.
τότε µὲν δὴ οὕτω οὐδέν δηλώσασα ἡσυχίην εἶχε· ὡς δὲ ἡµέρη τάχιστα ἐγεγόνεε, 5
τῶν οἰκετέων τοὺς µάλιστα ὥρα πιστοὺς ἐόντας ἑωυτῇ, ἑτοίµους ποιησαµένη
ἐκάλεε τὸν Γύγεα. ὁ δὲ οὐδὲν δοκέων αὐτήν τῶν πρηχθέντων ἐπίστασθαι ἦλθε
καλεόµενος· ἐώθεε γὰρ καὶ πρόσθε, ὅκως ἡ βασίλεια καλέοι, φοιτᾶν. ὡς δὲ
ὁ Γύγης ἀπίκετο, ἔλεγε ἡ γυνὴ τάδε. ‘νῦν τοί δυῶν ὁδῶν παρεουσέων, Γύγη,
δίδωµί αἵρεσιν, ὁκοτέρην βούλεαι τραπέσθαι. ἢ γὰρ Κανδαύλεα ἀποκτείνας 10
ἐµέ τε καὶ τὴν βασιληίην ἔχε τὴν Λυδῶν, ἢ αὐτόν σε αὐτίκα οὕτω ἀποθνήσκειν
δεῖ, ὡς ἂν µὴ πάντα πειθόµενος Κανδαύλῃ τοῦ λοιποῦ ἴδῃς τὰ µὴ σε δεῖ. ἀλλ᾽
ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε τὸν ταῦτα βουλεύσαντα δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι, ἢ σε τὸν ἐµὲ γυµνήν
θεησάµενον καὶ ποιήσαντα οὐ νοµιζόµενα.’
Herodotus, Histories 1.10–11
(e) µαθοῦσὰ δὲ … µαθεῖν (lines 1–2): how did Candaules’ wife react when she discovered what he
had done? [1]
(f) ἐν νόῳ ἔχουσα … µεγάλην φέρει (lines 2–4): why did she decide to punish Candaules? [2]
(g) τότε µὲν … Γύγεα (lines 5–7): how did she prepare to put her plan into action? [2]
(h) νῦν τοί … νοµιζόµενα (lines 9–14): how does Herodotus make the speech of Candaules’ wife
forceful and decisive?
Make four points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [8]
(i) * ‘Herodotus’ Histories should be read more for entertainment than for historical
fact.’ How far do you agree with this statement?
You must use material from parts of the text you have studied in English, where relevant, as well
as those parts you have read in Greek. [10]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25 Turn over
Combined Question Paper & Final Marking Scheme
Oxford Cambridge and RSA
Wednesday 21 May 2025 – Afternoon
AS Level Classical Greek
H044/02 Literature
Time allowed: 2 hours
You must have:
• the OCR 12-page Answer Booklet
Do not use:
• a dictionary
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 12 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
, © OCR 2025 [601/8382/2] OCR is an exempt Charity
DC (ST) 354766/2 Turn over
*1883337796*
, 2
Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B
Section A
Prose Literature
Answer Question 1 or Question 2
1 Read the following passages and answer the questions.
ἀπικοµένους δὲ τούς Φοίνικας ἐς δὴ τὸ Ἄργος τοῦτο διατίθεσθαι τὸν φόρτον.
πέµπτῃ δὲ ἢ ἕκτῃ ἡµέρῃ ἀπ᾽ ἧς ἀπίκοντο, ἐξεµποληµένων σφι σχεδόν πάντων,
ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν γυναῖκας ἄλλας τε πολλάς καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέος
θυγατέρα· τὸ δέ οἱ οὔνοµα εἶναι, κατὰ τὠυτὸ τὸ καὶ Ἕλληνές λέγουσι, Ἰοῦν τὴν
Ἰνάχου· ταύτας στάσας κατά πρύµνην τῆς νεὸς ὠνέεσθαι τῶν φορτίων τῶν σφι 5
ἦν θυµός µάλιστα, καὶ τοὺς Φοίνικας διακελευσαµένους ὁρµῆσαι ἐπ᾽ αὐτάς. τὰς
µὲν δὴ πλεῦνας τῶν γυναικῶν ἀποφυγεῖν, τὴν δὲ Ἰοῦν σὺν ἄλλῃσι ἁρπασθῆναι·
ἐσβαλοµένους δὲ ἐς τὴν νέα οἴχεσθαι ἀποπλέοντας ἐπ᾽ Αἰγύπτου.
οὕτω µὲν Ἰοῦν ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπικέσθαι λέγουσι Πέρσαι, οὐκ ὡς Ἕλληνες, καὶ
τῶν ἀδικηµάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι· µετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἑλλήνων τινάς (οὐ γὰρ 10
ἔχουσι τοὔνοµα ἀπηγήσασθαι) φασὶ τῆς Φοινίκης ἐς Τύρον προσσχόντας
ἁρπάσαι τοῦ βασιλέος τὴν θυγατέρα Εὐρώπην. εἴησαν δ᾽ ἄν οὗτοι Κρῆτες.
ταῦτα µὲν δὴ ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα σφι γενέσθαι· µετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἕλληνας αἰτίους τῆς
δευτέρης ἀδικίης γενέσθαι. καταπλώσαντας γὰρ µακρῇ νηί ἐς Αἶάν τε τὴν
Κολχίδα καὶ ἐπὶ Φᾶσιν ποταµόν, ἐνθεῦτεν, διαπρηξαµένους καὶ τἄλλα τῶν 15
εἵνεκεν ἀπίκατο, ἁρπάσαι τοῦ βασιλέος τὴν θυγατέρα Μηδείην.
Herodotus, Histories 1.1–2
(a) ἀπικοµένους … θυγατέρα (lines 1–4): how did Io meet the Phoenicians? [3]
(b) Translate τὸ δέ οἱ οὔνοµα … ἐπ᾽ Αἰγύπτου (lines 4–8). [5]
(c) οὕτω µὲν Ἰοῦν … ἀδικίης γενέσθαι (lines 9–14): how does Herodotus attempt to make his
account seem credible and reasonable?
Make three points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [6]
(d) καταπλώσαντας … Μηδείην (lines 14–16): what does Herodotus claim the Greeks then did? [3]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25
, 3
µαθοῦσὰ δὲ τὸ ποιηθέν ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς οὔτε ἀνέβωσε αἰσχυνθεῖσα οὔτε ἔδοξε
µαθεῖν, ἐν νόῳ ἔχουσα τίσεσθαι τὸν Κανδαύλεα· παρὰ γὰρ τοῖσι Λυδοῖσι,
σχεδὸν δὲ καὶ παρὰ τοῖσι ἄλλοισι βαρβάροισι, καὶ ἄνδρα ὀφθῆναι γυµνόν ἐς
αἰσχύνην µεγάλην φέρει.
τότε µὲν δὴ οὕτω οὐδέν δηλώσασα ἡσυχίην εἶχε· ὡς δὲ ἡµέρη τάχιστα ἐγεγόνεε, 5
τῶν οἰκετέων τοὺς µάλιστα ὥρα πιστοὺς ἐόντας ἑωυτῇ, ἑτοίµους ποιησαµένη
ἐκάλεε τὸν Γύγεα. ὁ δὲ οὐδὲν δοκέων αὐτήν τῶν πρηχθέντων ἐπίστασθαι ἦλθε
καλεόµενος· ἐώθεε γὰρ καὶ πρόσθε, ὅκως ἡ βασίλεια καλέοι, φοιτᾶν. ὡς δὲ
ὁ Γύγης ἀπίκετο, ἔλεγε ἡ γυνὴ τάδε. ‘νῦν τοί δυῶν ὁδῶν παρεουσέων, Γύγη,
δίδωµί αἵρεσιν, ὁκοτέρην βούλεαι τραπέσθαι. ἢ γὰρ Κανδαύλεα ἀποκτείνας 10
ἐµέ τε καὶ τὴν βασιληίην ἔχε τὴν Λυδῶν, ἢ αὐτόν σε αὐτίκα οὕτω ἀποθνήσκειν
δεῖ, ὡς ἂν µὴ πάντα πειθόµενος Κανδαύλῃ τοῦ λοιποῦ ἴδῃς τὰ µὴ σε δεῖ. ἀλλ᾽
ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε τὸν ταῦτα βουλεύσαντα δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι, ἢ σε τὸν ἐµὲ γυµνήν
θεησάµενον καὶ ποιήσαντα οὐ νοµιζόµενα.’
Herodotus, Histories 1.10–11
(e) µαθοῦσὰ δὲ … µαθεῖν (lines 1–2): how did Candaules’ wife react when she discovered what he
had done? [1]
(f) ἐν νόῳ ἔχουσα … µεγάλην φέρει (lines 2–4): why did she decide to punish Candaules? [2]
(g) τότε µὲν … Γύγεα (lines 5–7): how did she prepare to put her plan into action? [2]
(h) νῦν τοί … νοµιζόµενα (lines 9–14): how does Herodotus make the speech of Candaules’ wife
forceful and decisive?
Make four points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [8]
(i) * ‘Herodotus’ Histories should be read more for entertainment than for historical
fact.’ How far do you agree with this statement?
You must use material from parts of the text you have studied in English, where relevant, as well
as those parts you have read in Greek. [10]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25 Turn over
