FREC 3
Hypothermia - ANSWERS-stage 1 32-35, stage 2 28-32, stage 3 28 or
below
Treatment of hypothermia - ANSWERS-DRCABCDE, wrap patient
in a foil blanket in the vehicle-the blanket reflects escaping heat back
towards the body, don't rub the patient-could trigger shock or a
cardiac arrest, take vital signs-blood glucose, 12-lead ECG, transfer to
nearest A+E, SOCRATES
Treatment of hyperthermia - ANSWERS-DRCABCDE, examine for
heat related injuries, remove patient from hot environment-go to
vehicle, remove all clothing, fanning, tepid sponging, water misting, a
wet sheet, ice packs-not directly to skin, consider other potential
causes-diabetes, cardiac problems, take vital signs-blood glucose, 12-
lead ECG
Heat exhaustion - ANSWERS-core body temperature is 38 or above,
headache, dizziness, confusion, loss of appetite, nausea, sweating,
pale, clammy, cramps, rapid/weak pulse
Heat stroke - ANSWERS-core body temperature is 40 or above,
dizziness, discomfort, restlessness, confusion, hot flushed dry skin,
rapid deterioration in response, full bounding pulse, shivering, ataxia,
hypothalamus unable to control the body temperature
,Ataxia - ANSWERS-co-ordination, balance and speech problems
Hypothalamus - ANSWERS-an organ in the brain that produces
hormones to stimulate other organs to produce hormones, is involved
in thermoregulation
Time critical features of burns - ANSWERS-any major ABCD
problems, airway burns, history of hot air or hot gas inhalation,
respiratory distress, evidence of circumferential burns, significant
facial burns, presence of other major injuries, burns covering more
than 15% TBSA in adults or 10% TBSA in children
Epidermal burns - ANSWERS-superficial, 1st degree, dry, red,
blanches with pressure, no blisters, may be painful
Superficial dermal burns - ANSWERS-superficial, partial thickness,
2nd degree, pale pink, fine blisters, blanches with pressure, very
painful
Mid-dermal burns - ANSWERS-superficial, partial thickness, 2nd
degree, dark pink, large blisters, delayed capillary refill, may be
painful
Deep dermal burns - ANSWERS-superficial, partial thickness, 2nd
degree, blotchy red, may blister, no capillary refill, no sensation
, Full thickness burn - ANSWERS-3rd degree, white, waxy or charred,
no blisters or capillary refill, children-dark lobster red with mottling,
no sensation
4th degree burn - ANSWERS-goes through both layers of skin and
underlaying tissues as well as deeper tissue, possibly involving
muscle and bone, no sensation as all the nerve endings are destroyed
Burn treatment - ANSWERS-state the time of burning, pain relief,
safeguarding, ECG for electrical burns, remove the burn source,
oxygen-SpO2 reading may be false, irrigate for 20 minutes-1 hour for
chemical burns, cut off smouldering clothing that isn't stuck, layer
cling film, IV fluids for large burns
Layers of the skin - ANSWERS-epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
tissue muscle
PH-SAMPLE - ANSWERS-presenting complaint, history of
presenting complaint, signs and symptoms, allergies, medication,
previous medical history, last eaten, event history
DRCABCDE - ANSWERS-danger, response, catastrophic
haemorrhage, airway, breathing, circulation, disbality, expose and
examen
METHANE - ANSWERS-major incident standby or declared, exact
location, type of incident, hazards present and perceived, access and
egress, number of casualties, emergency services present and required
Hypothermia - ANSWERS-stage 1 32-35, stage 2 28-32, stage 3 28 or
below
Treatment of hypothermia - ANSWERS-DRCABCDE, wrap patient
in a foil blanket in the vehicle-the blanket reflects escaping heat back
towards the body, don't rub the patient-could trigger shock or a
cardiac arrest, take vital signs-blood glucose, 12-lead ECG, transfer to
nearest A+E, SOCRATES
Treatment of hyperthermia - ANSWERS-DRCABCDE, examine for
heat related injuries, remove patient from hot environment-go to
vehicle, remove all clothing, fanning, tepid sponging, water misting, a
wet sheet, ice packs-not directly to skin, consider other potential
causes-diabetes, cardiac problems, take vital signs-blood glucose, 12-
lead ECG
Heat exhaustion - ANSWERS-core body temperature is 38 or above,
headache, dizziness, confusion, loss of appetite, nausea, sweating,
pale, clammy, cramps, rapid/weak pulse
Heat stroke - ANSWERS-core body temperature is 40 or above,
dizziness, discomfort, restlessness, confusion, hot flushed dry skin,
rapid deterioration in response, full bounding pulse, shivering, ataxia,
hypothalamus unable to control the body temperature
,Ataxia - ANSWERS-co-ordination, balance and speech problems
Hypothalamus - ANSWERS-an organ in the brain that produces
hormones to stimulate other organs to produce hormones, is involved
in thermoregulation
Time critical features of burns - ANSWERS-any major ABCD
problems, airway burns, history of hot air or hot gas inhalation,
respiratory distress, evidence of circumferential burns, significant
facial burns, presence of other major injuries, burns covering more
than 15% TBSA in adults or 10% TBSA in children
Epidermal burns - ANSWERS-superficial, 1st degree, dry, red,
blanches with pressure, no blisters, may be painful
Superficial dermal burns - ANSWERS-superficial, partial thickness,
2nd degree, pale pink, fine blisters, blanches with pressure, very
painful
Mid-dermal burns - ANSWERS-superficial, partial thickness, 2nd
degree, dark pink, large blisters, delayed capillary refill, may be
painful
Deep dermal burns - ANSWERS-superficial, partial thickness, 2nd
degree, blotchy red, may blister, no capillary refill, no sensation
, Full thickness burn - ANSWERS-3rd degree, white, waxy or charred,
no blisters or capillary refill, children-dark lobster red with mottling,
no sensation
4th degree burn - ANSWERS-goes through both layers of skin and
underlaying tissues as well as deeper tissue, possibly involving
muscle and bone, no sensation as all the nerve endings are destroyed
Burn treatment - ANSWERS-state the time of burning, pain relief,
safeguarding, ECG for electrical burns, remove the burn source,
oxygen-SpO2 reading may be false, irrigate for 20 minutes-1 hour for
chemical burns, cut off smouldering clothing that isn't stuck, layer
cling film, IV fluids for large burns
Layers of the skin - ANSWERS-epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
tissue muscle
PH-SAMPLE - ANSWERS-presenting complaint, history of
presenting complaint, signs and symptoms, allergies, medication,
previous medical history, last eaten, event history
DRCABCDE - ANSWERS-danger, response, catastrophic
haemorrhage, airway, breathing, circulation, disbality, expose and
examen
METHANE - ANSWERS-major incident standby or declared, exact
location, type of incident, hazards present and perceived, access and
egress, number of casualties, emergency services present and required
