NUR 529 Exam 1 Blueprint Questions and
Answers with Complete Solutions | New
Update 2026
Pathogenesis - ANSWERS how the disease process develops
sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial
contact with an etiologic agent until expression of a disease
Morphology - ANSWERS fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
Histology - ANSWERS the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body
tissues
Clinical Manifestations - ANSWERS signs/ symptoms
objective/ subjective findings
Diagnosis - ANSWERS designation as to the nature or cause of a health
problem
Clinical course - ANSWERS the evolution of the disease
Acute - ANSWERS severe/ self limiting
,chronic - ANSWERS long term; exacerbations and remissions
subacute - ANSWERS between acute and chronic; not as severe as acute/ not
as prolonged as chronic
preclinical stage - ANSWERS the disease is not clinically evident but is destined
to progress to clinical disease
subclinical stage - ANSWERS not apparent and not destined to become
apparent
dx w/antibody and culture tests
clinical disease - ANSWERS manifested by s/s; persistent, chronic, sometimes
lifelong disease
disease - ANSWERS any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure
or function of any body part, organ, or system of the body
manifested by characteristic s/s and whose etiology, pathology, and prognosis may
be known or unknown
Causes of atrophy - ANSWERS disuse, denervation, loss of endocrine
stimulation, inadequate nutrition, ischemia or decreased blood flow
hyperplasia - ANSWERS Increased number of cells
physiologic or pathologic
,example of physiologic hyperplasia - ANSWERS Hormonal (breast/ uterine
enlargement w/ pregnancy)
Compensatory (regeneration of liver after partial removal)
example of pathologic hyperplasia - ANSWERS due to excess hormone
stimulation
BPH (androgens)
Endometrial hyperplasia
may progress into cancer
Metplasia - ANSWERS one cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by
another cell type
response to chronic irritation
metaplasia examples - ANSWERS Barrett Esophagus (BE)- from chronic GERD
inflammation
Adaptive substitution of stratified squamous epithelial cells for ciliated columnar
epithelial cells in the trachea/ large airways of smokers
Dysplasia - ANSWERS deranged cell growth
results in cells that vary in size, shape, and organization
mostly in the respiratory tract/ uterine cervix
Dysplasia examples - ANSWERS Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in
preterms and newborns
, Cervical Dysplasia: precursor to cancer (pap smear to dx)
Liquefaction necrosis- example - ANSWERS softening of the center of an
abscess with discharge of its contents
Coagulation necrosis - ANSWERS acidosis devleops and dentaures enzymatic
and structural proteins of the cell
characteristic of hypoxic injury; seen in infarcted areas
Caseous necrosis - ANSWERS dead cells persist indefinitely
ex: center of tuberculous granulomnas/tubercles
cheese-like substance
Gangrene types - ANSWERS wet
dry
gas (clostridium perfringens)
Ischemia - ANSWERS decreased blood flow leading to decreased O2 and
nutrients
ex: blockage of a vessel (blood clot), atherosclerosis, arterial spasm
can be reversible if blood flow is restored in time
infarction - ANSWERS necrosis due to prolonged ischemia
ex: thrombus/ embolus, dz of arterial wall, pressure from outside the vessel
Answers with Complete Solutions | New
Update 2026
Pathogenesis - ANSWERS how the disease process develops
sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial
contact with an etiologic agent until expression of a disease
Morphology - ANSWERS fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
Histology - ANSWERS the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body
tissues
Clinical Manifestations - ANSWERS signs/ symptoms
objective/ subjective findings
Diagnosis - ANSWERS designation as to the nature or cause of a health
problem
Clinical course - ANSWERS the evolution of the disease
Acute - ANSWERS severe/ self limiting
,chronic - ANSWERS long term; exacerbations and remissions
subacute - ANSWERS between acute and chronic; not as severe as acute/ not
as prolonged as chronic
preclinical stage - ANSWERS the disease is not clinically evident but is destined
to progress to clinical disease
subclinical stage - ANSWERS not apparent and not destined to become
apparent
dx w/antibody and culture tests
clinical disease - ANSWERS manifested by s/s; persistent, chronic, sometimes
lifelong disease
disease - ANSWERS any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure
or function of any body part, organ, or system of the body
manifested by characteristic s/s and whose etiology, pathology, and prognosis may
be known or unknown
Causes of atrophy - ANSWERS disuse, denervation, loss of endocrine
stimulation, inadequate nutrition, ischemia or decreased blood flow
hyperplasia - ANSWERS Increased number of cells
physiologic or pathologic
,example of physiologic hyperplasia - ANSWERS Hormonal (breast/ uterine
enlargement w/ pregnancy)
Compensatory (regeneration of liver after partial removal)
example of pathologic hyperplasia - ANSWERS due to excess hormone
stimulation
BPH (androgens)
Endometrial hyperplasia
may progress into cancer
Metplasia - ANSWERS one cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by
another cell type
response to chronic irritation
metaplasia examples - ANSWERS Barrett Esophagus (BE)- from chronic GERD
inflammation
Adaptive substitution of stratified squamous epithelial cells for ciliated columnar
epithelial cells in the trachea/ large airways of smokers
Dysplasia - ANSWERS deranged cell growth
results in cells that vary in size, shape, and organization
mostly in the respiratory tract/ uterine cervix
Dysplasia examples - ANSWERS Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in
preterms and newborns
, Cervical Dysplasia: precursor to cancer (pap smear to dx)
Liquefaction necrosis- example - ANSWERS softening of the center of an
abscess with discharge of its contents
Coagulation necrosis - ANSWERS acidosis devleops and dentaures enzymatic
and structural proteins of the cell
characteristic of hypoxic injury; seen in infarcted areas
Caseous necrosis - ANSWERS dead cells persist indefinitely
ex: center of tuberculous granulomnas/tubercles
cheese-like substance
Gangrene types - ANSWERS wet
dry
gas (clostridium perfringens)
Ischemia - ANSWERS decreased blood flow leading to decreased O2 and
nutrients
ex: blockage of a vessel (blood clot), atherosclerosis, arterial spasm
can be reversible if blood flow is restored in time
infarction - ANSWERS necrosis due to prolonged ischemia
ex: thrombus/ embolus, dz of arterial wall, pressure from outside the vessel
