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NURS 5462 Urinary incontinence Questions
and Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
LUT consists of [ Ans: ] Detrusor (bladder)Muscular storage and
contractile organ Smooth muscle that accommodates large
volume at low intravesical pressure
Internal sphincter [ Ans: ] Essentially smooth muscle in proximal
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urethra In men it has no landmarks In women, ill defined and
extends throughout most of urethra
External sphincter [ Ans: ] More distal periurethral striated muscle
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Well defined in men with striated muscle arranged in an annular
style in urogenital diaphragm
Continence is maintained by the urethra [ Ans: ] Autonomic and
somatic [voluntary] nervous systems coordinate micturition
Parasympathetic [cholinergic] nervous system Sympathetic
[adrenergic] nervous system Somatic nerves
PNS [cholinergic] nerves come from spinal cord segments S2-S4 &
travel by pelvic nerve to bladder [ Ans: ] Cholinergic stimulation
increases force and frequency of bladder contractions
SNS [adrenergic] effects on LUT is regulated by presacral or
hypogastric nerves in the spine at T10-L2 [ Ans: ] Bladder base
[trigone] and proximal urethra rich in alpha adrenergic receptors
and stimulation increases contraction of internal sphincter
Normal Anatomy and Physiology [ Ans: ] Somatic nerves stem
from cord at levels S2-S4 and are carried via pudendal nerve to
innervate urogenital diaphragm and external sphincter Pons
coordinates bladder contraction with sphincter relaxation
Bladder fills passively, sphincters remain closed [ Ans: ] Filling is
facilitated by CNS inhibition of parasympathetic activity At the
, 2
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same time, increase in alpha adrenergic and somatic tone
maintains the sphincters in a closed position For urination to occur,
PNS mediates bladder contraction with coordinated sphincter
relaxation
Changes with Aging [ Ans: ] Bladder capacity, contractility and
ability to delay urination decreases with age Urethral closure
pressure and length decrease in females d/t less E Prevalence of
involuntary bladder contractions, bacteriuria and PVR all increase
Reserve capacity of the bladder decreases
Voiding patterns change: [ Ans: ] Seniors excrete most of their
ingested fluid during the night Up to 2 episodes of nocturia is not
abnormal UI in elderly is usually multifactorial factorial: Functional
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status Medical conditions PD Dementia CVA DM
Transient Incontinence [ Ans: ] acute in onset and is result of non-
LUT illness Reversal of illness frequently resolves UI
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Acronym DIAPPERS used to explain causes [ Ans: ] Delirium,
Infection, Atrophic urethritis or vaginosis, Pharmaceuticals (Alpha
agonists cause urinary retention Alpha antagonists cause stress
leakage in women CCB cause urinary retention, Anticholinergics
cause urinary retention)Psychological causes, Excessive urine
output (Large fluid intake Diuretics ETOH)
Restricted mobility, Stool or fecal impaction
Detrusor overactivity [ Ans: ] Bladder contracts prematurely,
Usual mechanism of urge incontinence Most common cause of
geriatric UI, before can get to toilet, wets on self Moderate to
large amounts of urine
neuro lesion, overactivity is called Detrusor hyperreflexia If no
neuro lesion is present, it is called Detrusor instability
Detrusor underactivity [ Ans: ] Bladder contracts too weakly,
Bladder's contractions so diminished that overflow incontinence
ensues
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
NURS 5462 Urinary incontinence Questions
and Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
LUT consists of [ Ans: ] Detrusor (bladder)Muscular storage and
contractile organ Smooth muscle that accommodates large
volume at low intravesical pressure
Internal sphincter [ Ans: ] Essentially smooth muscle in proximal
© 2025 Assignment Expert
urethra In men it has no landmarks In women, ill defined and
extends throughout most of urethra
External sphincter [ Ans: ] More distal periurethral striated muscle
Guru01 - Stuvia
Well defined in men with striated muscle arranged in an annular
style in urogenital diaphragm
Continence is maintained by the urethra [ Ans: ] Autonomic and
somatic [voluntary] nervous systems coordinate micturition
Parasympathetic [cholinergic] nervous system Sympathetic
[adrenergic] nervous system Somatic nerves
PNS [cholinergic] nerves come from spinal cord segments S2-S4 &
travel by pelvic nerve to bladder [ Ans: ] Cholinergic stimulation
increases force and frequency of bladder contractions
SNS [adrenergic] effects on LUT is regulated by presacral or
hypogastric nerves in the spine at T10-L2 [ Ans: ] Bladder base
[trigone] and proximal urethra rich in alpha adrenergic receptors
and stimulation increases contraction of internal sphincter
Normal Anatomy and Physiology [ Ans: ] Somatic nerves stem
from cord at levels S2-S4 and are carried via pudendal nerve to
innervate urogenital diaphragm and external sphincter Pons
coordinates bladder contraction with sphincter relaxation
Bladder fills passively, sphincters remain closed [ Ans: ] Filling is
facilitated by CNS inhibition of parasympathetic activity At the
, 2
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
same time, increase in alpha adrenergic and somatic tone
maintains the sphincters in a closed position For urination to occur,
PNS mediates bladder contraction with coordinated sphincter
relaxation
Changes with Aging [ Ans: ] Bladder capacity, contractility and
ability to delay urination decreases with age Urethral closure
pressure and length decrease in females d/t less E Prevalence of
involuntary bladder contractions, bacteriuria and PVR all increase
Reserve capacity of the bladder decreases
Voiding patterns change: [ Ans: ] Seniors excrete most of their
ingested fluid during the night Up to 2 episodes of nocturia is not
abnormal UI in elderly is usually multifactorial factorial: Functional
© 2025 Assignment Expert
status Medical conditions PD Dementia CVA DM
Transient Incontinence [ Ans: ] acute in onset and is result of non-
LUT illness Reversal of illness frequently resolves UI
Guru01 - Stuvia
Acronym DIAPPERS used to explain causes [ Ans: ] Delirium,
Infection, Atrophic urethritis or vaginosis, Pharmaceuticals (Alpha
agonists cause urinary retention Alpha antagonists cause stress
leakage in women CCB cause urinary retention, Anticholinergics
cause urinary retention)Psychological causes, Excessive urine
output (Large fluid intake Diuretics ETOH)
Restricted mobility, Stool or fecal impaction
Detrusor overactivity [ Ans: ] Bladder contracts prematurely,
Usual mechanism of urge incontinence Most common cause of
geriatric UI, before can get to toilet, wets on self Moderate to
large amounts of urine
neuro lesion, overactivity is called Detrusor hyperreflexia If no
neuro lesion is present, it is called Detrusor instability
Detrusor underactivity [ Ans: ] Bladder contracts too weakly,
Bladder's contractions so diminished that overflow incontinence
ensues
