An Introduction to Brain and Behavior Sixth Edition Chapter 1

Bilateral Symmetry - answer-Body plan in which organs or parts presents on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance Segregation - answer-Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals, including vertebrates, are composed of similarly organized body segments Ganglia - answer-Collection of nerve cells that function somewhat like a brain Chordate - answer-Animals that has both a brain and a spinal cord Cladogram - answer-Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly, suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise Hominid - answer-General term referring to primates that walk upright, including all forms of humans, living and extinct Encephalization Quotient (EQ) - answer-Jerison's quantitative measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size, according to the principle of proper mass, for an animal of a particular body size Topographic - answer-Representing the different functional areas of the CNS Connectome - answer-All the pathways connecting regions of the CNS Plasticity - answer-Body's potential for physical or chemical change; enhancing its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury Species-typical Behavior - answer-Behavior that is characteristic of all members of a species, such as walking salamanders Culture - answer-Learned behaviors that are passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and imitation Meme - answer-An idea, a behavior, or a style that spreads from person to person within a culture Neoteny - answer-Process in which juvenile stages of predecessors become adult features of descendants; idea derived from the observation that more recently evolved species resemble the young of their common ancestors