1
NUR 1172 / NUR1172
Principles of Nutrition Exam
1 Quiz Bank | Already Rated
A | Latest 2025/2026 |
Rasmussen College
Section 1: Macronutrients (Questions 1-10)
1. Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for the
body, providing 4 kcal/g, and is essential for brain function? A.
Protein B. Fat C. Carbohydrate D. Fiber
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source,
metabolized into glucose for ATP production via glycolysis. Deficiency
can lead to ketosis, as seen in unmanaged diabetes; evidence-based
recommendation includes 45-65% of daily calories from complex carbs
like whole grains to support glycemic control.
2. A patient with chronic kidney disease is advised to limit protein
intake to 0.8 g/kg body weight daily. What is the primary role of
protein in this context? A. Energy storage B. Tissue repair and enzyme
synthesis C. Vitamin absorption D. Water balance
Rationale: Proteins provide amino acids for muscle maintenance and
immune function. In CKD, excess protein increases urea load, elevating
BUN levels (>20 mg/dL indicates risk); RDA is 0.8 g/kg for adults,
adjusted lower in renal impairment per NKF guidelines.
3. Which type of fat is most associated with increased LDL
cholesterol and cardiovascular risk when consumed in excess? A.
, 2
Monounsaturated fats B. Polyunsaturated fats C. Saturated fats D. Trans
fats
Rationale: Saturated fats, found in red meat and butter, raise LDL via
hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Lab interpretation: LDL >130 mg/dL
signals risk; AHA recommends <6% of calories from saturated fats,
favoring olive oil for heart health.
4. In calculating energy needs for a 70 kg adult using the Harris-
Benedict equation, what is the approximate basal metabolic rate
(BMR) contribution from protein oxidation? A. 10% B. 15-20% C.
30% D. 50%
Rationale: Protein contributes minimally to BMR (~15-20% of total
energy expenditure) under normal conditions, prioritizing carbs/fats. In
starvation, gluconeogenesis from proteins increases muscle wasting;
Mifflin-St Jeor estimates BMR at ~1,600 kcal for sedentary females.
5. A client reports fatigue and poor wound healing. Lab results show
low serum albumin (2.8 g/dL). Which macronutrient deficiency is
most likely? A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins D. Water
Rationale: Albumin <3.5 g/dL indicates visceral protein depletion from
inadequate intake or catabolism. Protein deficiency impairs collagen
synthesis; recommend 1.2-2.0 g/kg for healing, per ASPEN guidelines.
6. What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adult women to
prevent constipation and support gut health? A. 10 g B. 25 g C. 35 g
D. 50 g
Rationale: Soluble and insoluble fibers aid digestion and glucose
control. Low intake (<25 g/day) links to diverticulosis; evidence from
Dietary Guidelines suggests fruits/vegetables to meet needs, reducing
colon cancer risk.
7. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA, are primarily found
in which food source and benefit cardiovascular health by? A. Beef;
NUR 1172 / NUR1172
Principles of Nutrition Exam
1 Quiz Bank | Already Rated
A | Latest 2025/2026 |
Rasmussen College
Section 1: Macronutrients (Questions 1-10)
1. Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for the
body, providing 4 kcal/g, and is essential for brain function? A.
Protein B. Fat C. Carbohydrate D. Fiber
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source,
metabolized into glucose for ATP production via glycolysis. Deficiency
can lead to ketosis, as seen in unmanaged diabetes; evidence-based
recommendation includes 45-65% of daily calories from complex carbs
like whole grains to support glycemic control.
2. A patient with chronic kidney disease is advised to limit protein
intake to 0.8 g/kg body weight daily. What is the primary role of
protein in this context? A. Energy storage B. Tissue repair and enzyme
synthesis C. Vitamin absorption D. Water balance
Rationale: Proteins provide amino acids for muscle maintenance and
immune function. In CKD, excess protein increases urea load, elevating
BUN levels (>20 mg/dL indicates risk); RDA is 0.8 g/kg for adults,
adjusted lower in renal impairment per NKF guidelines.
3. Which type of fat is most associated with increased LDL
cholesterol and cardiovascular risk when consumed in excess? A.
, 2
Monounsaturated fats B. Polyunsaturated fats C. Saturated fats D. Trans
fats
Rationale: Saturated fats, found in red meat and butter, raise LDL via
hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Lab interpretation: LDL >130 mg/dL
signals risk; AHA recommends <6% of calories from saturated fats,
favoring olive oil for heart health.
4. In calculating energy needs for a 70 kg adult using the Harris-
Benedict equation, what is the approximate basal metabolic rate
(BMR) contribution from protein oxidation? A. 10% B. 15-20% C.
30% D. 50%
Rationale: Protein contributes minimally to BMR (~15-20% of total
energy expenditure) under normal conditions, prioritizing carbs/fats. In
starvation, gluconeogenesis from proteins increases muscle wasting;
Mifflin-St Jeor estimates BMR at ~1,600 kcal for sedentary females.
5. A client reports fatigue and poor wound healing. Lab results show
low serum albumin (2.8 g/dL). Which macronutrient deficiency is
most likely? A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins D. Water
Rationale: Albumin <3.5 g/dL indicates visceral protein depletion from
inadequate intake or catabolism. Protein deficiency impairs collagen
synthesis; recommend 1.2-2.0 g/kg for healing, per ASPEN guidelines.
6. What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adult women to
prevent constipation and support gut health? A. 10 g B. 25 g C. 35 g
D. 50 g
Rationale: Soluble and insoluble fibers aid digestion and glucose
control. Low intake (<25 g/day) links to diverticulosis; evidence from
Dietary Guidelines suggests fruits/vegetables to meet needs, reducing
colon cancer risk.
7. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA, are primarily found
in which food source and benefit cardiovascular health by? A. Beef;
