BKAT 9R COMPLETE SET OF CURRENT EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (PASS GUARANTEE)
1. Q: What is the normal cardiac output range? ANSWER 4-8 liters per
minute
2. Q: What is the formula for cardiac output? ANSWER Cardiac Output
= Heart Rate × Stroke Volume
3. Q: What is normal ejection fraction? ANSWER 55-70%
4. Q: What is the primary pacemaker of the heart? ANSWER Sinoatrial
(SA) node
5. Q: What heart rate does the SA node generate? ANSWER 60-100
beats per minute
6. Q: What is the intrinsic rate of the AV node? ANSWER 40-60 beats
per minute
7. Q: What ECG change indicates hyperkalemia? ANSWER Tall,
peaked T waves
8. Q: What ECG change indicates hypokalemia? ANSWER Flattened T
waves, U waves, ST depression
9. Q: What is the normal PR interval? ANSWER 0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5
small boxes)
10.Q: What is the normal QRS duration? ANSWER 0.06-0.10 seconds
(1.5-2.5 small boxes)
11.Q: What medication is first-line for stable angina? ANSWER
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
12.Q: What is Virchow's Triad for thrombosis? ANSWER Endothelial
injury, stasis of blood flow, hypercoagulability
13.Q: What lab value indicates heart failure severity? ANSWER BNP
(B-type Natriuretic Peptide) or NT-proBNP
14.Q: What is a normal BNP level? ANSWER Less than 100 pg/mL
,15.Q: What are signs of right-sided heart failure? ANSWER Peripheral
edema, jugular venous distention, hepatomegaly, ascites
16.Q: What are signs of left-sided heart failure? ANSWER Pulmonary
edema, crackles, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
17.Q: What is Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade? ANSWER
Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, jugular venous distention
18.Q: What is Cushing's triad? ANSWER Hypertension, bradycardia,
irregular respirations (indicates increased ICP)
19.Q: What medication reverses warfarin? ANSWER Vitamin K
(phytonadione)
20.Q: What reverses heparin? ANSWER Protamine sulfate
21.Q: What is the therapeutic INR for atrial fibrillation? ANSWER 2.0-
3.0
22.Q: What class of drug is amiodarone? ANSWER Class III
antiarrhythmic
23.Q: What electrolyte imbalance can digoxin toxicity cause? ANSWER
Hypokalemia increases digoxin toxicity risk
24.Q: What are signs of digoxin toxicity? ANSWER Nausea, vomiting,
vision changes (yellow-green halos), bradycardia, arrhythmias
25.Q: What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity? ANSWER Digoxin
immune fab (Digibind)
26.Q: What is the normal central venous pressure (CVP)? ANSWER 2-
8 mmHg
27.Q: What is normal pulmonary artery pressure? ANSWER Systolic:
15-30 mmHg, Diastolic: 4-12 mmHg
28.Q: What is normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?
ANSWER 6-12 mmHg
29.Q: What does elevated PCWP indicate? ANSWER Left ventricular
failure or fluid overload
30.Q: What is the normal mean arterial pressure (MAP)? ANSWER 70-
100 mmHg (minimum 60 mmHg for organ perfusion)
, 31.Q: How do you calculate MAP? ANSWER MAP = (Systolic BP + 2 ×
Diastolic BP) ÷ 3
32.Q: What is the treatment for ventricular fibrillation? ANSWER
Immediate defibrillation and CPR
33.Q: What is the initial energy for defibrillation? ANSWER 120-200
joules (biphasic) or 360 joules (monophasic)
34.Q: What medication is given after defibrillation in VF/pulseless VT?
ANSWER Epinephrine 1 mg IV every 3-5 minutes
35.Q: What is the dose of atropine for bradycardia? ANSWER 0.5-1 mg
IV, repeat every 3-5 minutes (max 3 mg)
36.Q: What troponin level indicates MI? ANSWER Elevation above the
99th percentile of normal reference range
37.Q: When do troponin levels peak after MI? ANSWER 12-24 hours
post-MI
38.Q: What are STEMI criteria on ECG? ANSWER ST elevation >1
mm in two contiguous leads (>2 mm in V2-V3)
39.Q: What is the door-to-balloon time goal for STEMI? ANSWER
Within 90 minutes
40.Q: What medications are in the MONA protocol for MI? ANSWER
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
41.Q: What is the loading dose of aspirin for ACS? ANSWER 162-325
mg chewed
42.Q: What beta-blocker is commonly used post-MI? ANSWER
Metoprolol
43.Q: What are contraindications to beta-blockers? ANSWER
Bradycardia, heart block, severe asthma/COPD, cardiogenic shock
44.Q: What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors? ANSWER
Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing afterload
45.Q: What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? ANSWER Dry cough,
hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypotension
46.Q: What is pulsus paradoxus? ANSWER Drop in systolic BP >10
mmHg during inspiration
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (PASS GUARANTEE)
1. Q: What is the normal cardiac output range? ANSWER 4-8 liters per
minute
2. Q: What is the formula for cardiac output? ANSWER Cardiac Output
= Heart Rate × Stroke Volume
3. Q: What is normal ejection fraction? ANSWER 55-70%
4. Q: What is the primary pacemaker of the heart? ANSWER Sinoatrial
(SA) node
5. Q: What heart rate does the SA node generate? ANSWER 60-100
beats per minute
6. Q: What is the intrinsic rate of the AV node? ANSWER 40-60 beats
per minute
7. Q: What ECG change indicates hyperkalemia? ANSWER Tall,
peaked T waves
8. Q: What ECG change indicates hypokalemia? ANSWER Flattened T
waves, U waves, ST depression
9. Q: What is the normal PR interval? ANSWER 0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5
small boxes)
10.Q: What is the normal QRS duration? ANSWER 0.06-0.10 seconds
(1.5-2.5 small boxes)
11.Q: What medication is first-line for stable angina? ANSWER
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
12.Q: What is Virchow's Triad for thrombosis? ANSWER Endothelial
injury, stasis of blood flow, hypercoagulability
13.Q: What lab value indicates heart failure severity? ANSWER BNP
(B-type Natriuretic Peptide) or NT-proBNP
14.Q: What is a normal BNP level? ANSWER Less than 100 pg/mL
,15.Q: What are signs of right-sided heart failure? ANSWER Peripheral
edema, jugular venous distention, hepatomegaly, ascites
16.Q: What are signs of left-sided heart failure? ANSWER Pulmonary
edema, crackles, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
17.Q: What is Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade? ANSWER
Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, jugular venous distention
18.Q: What is Cushing's triad? ANSWER Hypertension, bradycardia,
irregular respirations (indicates increased ICP)
19.Q: What medication reverses warfarin? ANSWER Vitamin K
(phytonadione)
20.Q: What reverses heparin? ANSWER Protamine sulfate
21.Q: What is the therapeutic INR for atrial fibrillation? ANSWER 2.0-
3.0
22.Q: What class of drug is amiodarone? ANSWER Class III
antiarrhythmic
23.Q: What electrolyte imbalance can digoxin toxicity cause? ANSWER
Hypokalemia increases digoxin toxicity risk
24.Q: What are signs of digoxin toxicity? ANSWER Nausea, vomiting,
vision changes (yellow-green halos), bradycardia, arrhythmias
25.Q: What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity? ANSWER Digoxin
immune fab (Digibind)
26.Q: What is the normal central venous pressure (CVP)? ANSWER 2-
8 mmHg
27.Q: What is normal pulmonary artery pressure? ANSWER Systolic:
15-30 mmHg, Diastolic: 4-12 mmHg
28.Q: What is normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?
ANSWER 6-12 mmHg
29.Q: What does elevated PCWP indicate? ANSWER Left ventricular
failure or fluid overload
30.Q: What is the normal mean arterial pressure (MAP)? ANSWER 70-
100 mmHg (minimum 60 mmHg for organ perfusion)
, 31.Q: How do you calculate MAP? ANSWER MAP = (Systolic BP + 2 ×
Diastolic BP) ÷ 3
32.Q: What is the treatment for ventricular fibrillation? ANSWER
Immediate defibrillation and CPR
33.Q: What is the initial energy for defibrillation? ANSWER 120-200
joules (biphasic) or 360 joules (monophasic)
34.Q: What medication is given after defibrillation in VF/pulseless VT?
ANSWER Epinephrine 1 mg IV every 3-5 minutes
35.Q: What is the dose of atropine for bradycardia? ANSWER 0.5-1 mg
IV, repeat every 3-5 minutes (max 3 mg)
36.Q: What troponin level indicates MI? ANSWER Elevation above the
99th percentile of normal reference range
37.Q: When do troponin levels peak after MI? ANSWER 12-24 hours
post-MI
38.Q: What are STEMI criteria on ECG? ANSWER ST elevation >1
mm in two contiguous leads (>2 mm in V2-V3)
39.Q: What is the door-to-balloon time goal for STEMI? ANSWER
Within 90 minutes
40.Q: What medications are in the MONA protocol for MI? ANSWER
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
41.Q: What is the loading dose of aspirin for ACS? ANSWER 162-325
mg chewed
42.Q: What beta-blocker is commonly used post-MI? ANSWER
Metoprolol
43.Q: What are contraindications to beta-blockers? ANSWER
Bradycardia, heart block, severe asthma/COPD, cardiogenic shock
44.Q: What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors? ANSWER
Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing afterload
45.Q: What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? ANSWER Dry cough,
hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypotension
46.Q: What is pulsus paradoxus? ANSWER Drop in systolic BP >10
mmHg during inspiration
