Bio 105 Exam 1 UWL Questions And Answers

What is science? - ANS a process that logically addresses questions about cause-effect relationships in nature Hypothesis - ANS proposed explanation for an observable phenomenon Scientific Control - ANS experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the single independent variable (the variable being tested) Independent Variable (explanatory variable) - ANS the variable being tested Dependent Variable (response variable) - ANS the results Theory - ANS major unifying idea with far-reaching implications that has been extensively tested and attempts to disprove it have failed Evolution - ANS change in a population or a species over time Scientific Fact - ANS an objective and verifiable observation Mechanisms of Evolution - ANS 1. natural selection 2. mutation (random) 3. migration (gene flow) 4. non-random mate choice (sexual selection) 5. genetic drift Theory of Natural Selection - ANS process that results in the survival and reproductive success of individuals best adapted to their environment Sexual Selection - ANS form of natural selection that comes about through preference by one sex for particular characteristics in individuals of the other sex Genetic Drift - ANS the change in genetic makeup of a population due to random events Population Ecology - ANS the study of how and why the number of individuals in a population changes over time Density Independent Factors - ANS limits population size regardless of density Density Dependent Factors - ANS limiting factor that depends on population size Community - ANS all of the populations of different species living together and interacting in a particular area Biodiversity - ANS variety of different kinds of organisms Stability - ANS resilience or resistant Trophic Structure - ANS movement of energy Competition - ANS both species are negatively affected Predation - ANS one species benefits, one is negatively affected Parasitism - ANS one species benefits, one is negatively affected Mutualism - ANS both species benefit Commensalism - ANS one species benefits and the other is not affected order of trophic levels from lowest to highest - ANS 1. primary producer 2. primary consumer 3. secondary consumer 4. tertiary consumer Producers - ANS convert kinetic energy into potential energy Consumers - ANS convert potential energy back into kinetic energy net primary productivity - ANS gross primary productivity - respiration Batesian mimicry - ANS a harmless species mimics a harmful one Mullerian mimicry - ANS multiple dangerous species mimic each other How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next? - ANS 10%