Air Methods Critical Care Exam (2025/2026)
Questions and Answers
1.Coopernail's Sign: bruising of the scrotum or labia
-indicating pelvic bleeding/ abdominal bleeding
-pelvic fx
2.Halstead's Sign: Marbled abdomen- bleeding
3.Cullen's sign: ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis
4.Murphy's Sign: pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration
-indicative of cholecystitis
5.Factors fetal well-being: 1.) Viability (most important)
2.)Fetal Heart rate
3.)Fetal movement
6.PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure): -Causes increased
pulmonary vas- cular resistance
-Can cause hypotension over 15 cmH2O
-Normal: 5 cmH2O
- lowest pressure the lungs will see
7.steps in resuscitation of the neonate: Dry, warm, position to
open airway, suction mouth then nose
Tactile stimulation (HR<100 or apnea/IR breath rub back and
put) Oxygen near the face
Bag valve mask - unresponsive to tactile stim within a few sec
(40- 60bpm) reposition head, reapply mask, suction again prn, if
no response in 30 sec Intubate - if HR < 60 after PPV for 30 sec,
then
Chest compressions - 3:1 ratio (90 compressions / 30 breaths)
Drugs - epinephrine 0.1-0.3ml/kg of 1:10,000, through et tube or
(preferably) through umbilical venous line, volume loss give 10ml/kg NS
8.pulmonary contusion:
Chest pain bruising over
sternum Progressive
dyspnea
decreased breath sounds on one
side rales
low sats despite being on o2
hemoptysis
irregular pulse-dysrthymia
9.ruptured diaphragm: abd contents herniate into the thoracic
cavity compressing the lung
s/s: dyspnea, dysphagia, abd pain, sharp epigastric or chest pain
,radiating to L shoulder (Kehr sign), bowel sounds heard in the lung
fields on injured side, decreased breath sounds on injured side.
, 10.Tracheobronchial injury: 1. hemoptysis
2.subcutaneous emphysema
3.air leak (PNEUMOTHORAX) + PNEUMEDIASTINUM even after
chest tube placement***
- advance ETT below level of injury into Right mainstem
11.esophageal perforation: -fever
-hematemesis
12.Fat embolus: can form when a long bone is fractured and fat
cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
-fever
-rash after fracture
13.Blood loss from humerus fracture: 750 ml
14.blood loss from femur fracture: 1500 ml
15.PAWP (pulmonary artery wedge pressure): - Looks at the left side of the
heart
- If elevated can indicate pulmonary congestion, CHF, cardiogenic shock
- Do not keep wedged for more than 30 seconds
- Make sure balloon is deflated and have patient cough forcefully
-Normal: 8-12
16.Adult ETT depth: 3 x ETT size or average 19.23 cm
17.Peds ETT depth: 10 + age in years (cm)
18.Neonate ETT depth: 6 + wt in kg (cm)
19.Adjust vent to change Co2: adjust rate and tidal volume
20.Adjust vent to change oxygenation: adjust PEEP, PAP
21.infant rule of nines: Head and
neck - 21% Each arm - 10%
chest/stomach - 13%
back - 13%
butt/genitals - 6%
each leg - 13.5%
22.Sodium Bicarbonate: -acidosis
-drug choice for cyclic antidepressant OD
-KG/4 x base deficit = mEq needed
23.Digoxin: -cardiac glycoside
-can cause hypokalemia
-inotropes
-pediatric dose: 0.1 mg/ml
-adult 0.25 mg/ml
24.treatment for fetal distress: -Left lateral recumbent position
Questions and Answers
1.Coopernail's Sign: bruising of the scrotum or labia
-indicating pelvic bleeding/ abdominal bleeding
-pelvic fx
2.Halstead's Sign: Marbled abdomen- bleeding
3.Cullen's sign: ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis
4.Murphy's Sign: pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration
-indicative of cholecystitis
5.Factors fetal well-being: 1.) Viability (most important)
2.)Fetal Heart rate
3.)Fetal movement
6.PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure): -Causes increased
pulmonary vas- cular resistance
-Can cause hypotension over 15 cmH2O
-Normal: 5 cmH2O
- lowest pressure the lungs will see
7.steps in resuscitation of the neonate: Dry, warm, position to
open airway, suction mouth then nose
Tactile stimulation (HR<100 or apnea/IR breath rub back and
put) Oxygen near the face
Bag valve mask - unresponsive to tactile stim within a few sec
(40- 60bpm) reposition head, reapply mask, suction again prn, if
no response in 30 sec Intubate - if HR < 60 after PPV for 30 sec,
then
Chest compressions - 3:1 ratio (90 compressions / 30 breaths)
Drugs - epinephrine 0.1-0.3ml/kg of 1:10,000, through et tube or
(preferably) through umbilical venous line, volume loss give 10ml/kg NS
8.pulmonary contusion:
Chest pain bruising over
sternum Progressive
dyspnea
decreased breath sounds on one
side rales
low sats despite being on o2
hemoptysis
irregular pulse-dysrthymia
9.ruptured diaphragm: abd contents herniate into the thoracic
cavity compressing the lung
s/s: dyspnea, dysphagia, abd pain, sharp epigastric or chest pain
,radiating to L shoulder (Kehr sign), bowel sounds heard in the lung
fields on injured side, decreased breath sounds on injured side.
, 10.Tracheobronchial injury: 1. hemoptysis
2.subcutaneous emphysema
3.air leak (PNEUMOTHORAX) + PNEUMEDIASTINUM even after
chest tube placement***
- advance ETT below level of injury into Right mainstem
11.esophageal perforation: -fever
-hematemesis
12.Fat embolus: can form when a long bone is fractured and fat
cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
-fever
-rash after fracture
13.Blood loss from humerus fracture: 750 ml
14.blood loss from femur fracture: 1500 ml
15.PAWP (pulmonary artery wedge pressure): - Looks at the left side of the
heart
- If elevated can indicate pulmonary congestion, CHF, cardiogenic shock
- Do not keep wedged for more than 30 seconds
- Make sure balloon is deflated and have patient cough forcefully
-Normal: 8-12
16.Adult ETT depth: 3 x ETT size or average 19.23 cm
17.Peds ETT depth: 10 + age in years (cm)
18.Neonate ETT depth: 6 + wt in kg (cm)
19.Adjust vent to change Co2: adjust rate and tidal volume
20.Adjust vent to change oxygenation: adjust PEEP, PAP
21.infant rule of nines: Head and
neck - 21% Each arm - 10%
chest/stomach - 13%
back - 13%
butt/genitals - 6%
each leg - 13.5%
22.Sodium Bicarbonate: -acidosis
-drug choice for cyclic antidepressant OD
-KG/4 x base deficit = mEq needed
23.Digoxin: -cardiac glycoside
-can cause hypokalemia
-inotropes
-pediatric dose: 0.1 mg/ml
-adult 0.25 mg/ml
24.treatment for fetal distress: -Left lateral recumbent position
