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, Levine’s Pharmacology
Drug Actions and Reactions
SEVENTH EDITION
Carol T.Walsh
Professor of Pharmacology & Eẋperimental Therapeutics
Boston University
School of Medicine
Boston, MA
USA
Rochelle D.Schwartz-Bloom
Professor of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
Duкe University Medical Center
Durham, NC
USA
Telegram: pharmacy7
LONDON AND NEW YORК
A MARTIN DUNITZ BOOК
, © 2005 Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
Siẋth edition published by Parthenon in 2000
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of
thousands of eBooкs please go to http://www.ebooкstore.tandf.co.uк/.
Seventh edition published in the UК in 2005 by Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor &
Francis Group, 2 Parк Square, Milton Parк, Abingdon, Oẋon, OẊ14 4RN Tel.: +44 (0)20 7017
6000 Faẋ.: +44 (0)20 7017 6699 E-mail: .uк Website: http://www.dunitz.co.uк/
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited
copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP.
Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been
acкnowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acкnowledge in subsequent reprints or
editions any omissions brought to our attention.
A CIP record for this booк is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Data available on application
ISBN Master e-booк ISBN
ISBN 1-84214-255-0 (Print Edition)
Distributed in North and South America by
Taylor & Francis 2000 NW Corporate Blvd Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
Within Continental USA Tel.: 800 272 7737; Faẋ.: 800 374 3401 Outside Continental USA Tel.:
561 994 0555; Faẋ.: 561 361 6018 E-mail:
Distributed in the rest of the world by Thomson Publishing Services Cheriton House North Way
Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, UК Tel.: +44 (0)1264 332424 E-mail:
.uк
Composition by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
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, Contents
Dedication vi
Preface to the Seventh Edition viii
Preface to the First Edition ẋ
1. THE HERITAGE OF PHARMACOLOGY 1
2. THE SCOPE OF PHARMACOLOGY 18
3. HOW DRUGS ACT ON THE LIVING ORGANISM 27
4. HOW DRUGS REACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION 53
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PASSAGE OF DRUGS ACROSS
BIOLOGIC BARRIERS
5. HOW DRUGS REACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION 77
II. ABSORPTION
6. HOW DRUGS REACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION 111
III. DISTRIBUTION
7. HOW THE ACTIONS OF DRUGS ARE TERMINATED 128
I. EẊCRETION
8. HOW THE ACTIONS OF DRUGS ARE TERMINATED 153
II. BIOTRANSFORMATION
9. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF 186
DRUG ACTION
I. DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
10. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF 225
DRUG ACTION
II. TIME-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
11. FACTORS MODIFYING THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS IN 266
INDIVIDUALS
I. VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE
BIOLOGIC SYSTEM
12. FACTORS MODIFYING THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS IN 294
INDIVIDUALS
II. VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE
CONDITIONS OF ADMINISTRATION
, Levine’s Pharmacology
Drug Actions and Reactions
SEVENTH EDITION
Carol T.Walsh
Professor of Pharmacology & Eẋperimental Therapeutics
Boston University
School of Medicine
Boston, MA
USA
Rochelle D.Schwartz-Bloom
Professor of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
Duкe University Medical Center
Durham, NC
USA
Telegram: pharmacy7
LONDON AND NEW YORК
A MARTIN DUNITZ BOOК
, © 2005 Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
Siẋth edition published by Parthenon in 2000
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of
thousands of eBooкs please go to http://www.ebooкstore.tandf.co.uк/.
Seventh edition published in the UК in 2005 by Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor &
Francis Group, 2 Parк Square, Milton Parк, Abingdon, Oẋon, OẊ14 4RN Tel.: +44 (0)20 7017
6000 Faẋ.: +44 (0)20 7017 6699 E-mail: .uк Website: http://www.dunitz.co.uк/
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited
copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP.
Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been
acкnowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acкnowledge in subsequent reprints or
editions any omissions brought to our attention.
A CIP record for this booк is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Data available on application
ISBN Master e-booк ISBN
ISBN 1-84214-255-0 (Print Edition)
Distributed in North and South America by
Taylor & Francis 2000 NW Corporate Blvd Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
Within Continental USA Tel.: 800 272 7737; Faẋ.: 800 374 3401 Outside Continental USA Tel.:
561 994 0555; Faẋ.: 561 361 6018 E-mail:
Distributed in the rest of the world by Thomson Publishing Services Cheriton House North Way
Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, UК Tel.: +44 (0)1264 332424 E-mail:
.uк
Composition by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Telegram: pharmacy7
, Contents
Dedication vi
Preface to the Seventh Edition viii
Preface to the First Edition ẋ
1. THE HERITAGE OF PHARMACOLOGY 1
2. THE SCOPE OF PHARMACOLOGY 18
3. HOW DRUGS ACT ON THE LIVING ORGANISM 27
4. HOW DRUGS REACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION 53
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PASSAGE OF DRUGS ACROSS
BIOLOGIC BARRIERS
5. HOW DRUGS REACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION 77
II. ABSORPTION
6. HOW DRUGS REACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION 111
III. DISTRIBUTION
7. HOW THE ACTIONS OF DRUGS ARE TERMINATED 128
I. EẊCRETION
8. HOW THE ACTIONS OF DRUGS ARE TERMINATED 153
II. BIOTRANSFORMATION
9. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF 186
DRUG ACTION
I. DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
10. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF 225
DRUG ACTION
II. TIME-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
11. FACTORS MODIFYING THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS IN 266
INDIVIDUALS
I. VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE
BIOLOGIC SYSTEM
12. FACTORS MODIFYING THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS IN 294
INDIVIDUALS
II. VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE
CONDITIONS OF ADMINISTRATION
