DMSU 210 Final EXAM QUESTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2025/2026 RATED A+
gastritis - CORRECT ANSWERS A 45-year-old man has epigastric pain of 3 week's duration. A
right upper quadrant ultrasound scan reveals multiple small polypoid lesions that arise from the
gallbladder wall. The remaining ultrasound examination results are unremarkable. Subsequent
investigation of the gastrointestinal tract reveals gastroenteritis. What is the most likely diagnosis for
the finding in the gallbladder?
acute cholecystitis
cholelithiasis
chronic cholecystitis
gastritis
All of the above - CORRECT ANSWERS A 68-year-old woman has right upper quadrant pain.
The ultrasound examination reveals a distended gallbladder with a wall thickness of 1.8 mm. The
gallbladder contains low-level echoes that layer and are gravity dependent and multiple small echogenic
foci that shadow (Figure 2, A and B). The common bile duct measures 10 mm and also contains a small
echogenic focus (Figure 2, C) in its distal aspect. What is the most likely diagnosis?
choledocholithiasis
sludge
cholelithiasis
All of the above
acute cholecystitis - CORRECT ANSWERS A 49-year-old woman is seen at an emergency
department with epigastric pain for 1 day, nausea and vomiting, and an elevated temperature. The
ultrasound examination reveals a thick-walled gallbladder and evidence of gallstones (Figure 3, A and B).
What is the most likely diagnosis?
acute cholecystitis
adenomyomatosis
sludge
Caroli's disease
amoebic abscess - CORRECT ANSWERS A 36-year-old man is seen with right upper quadrant
pain, diarrhea, and fever. History reveals that the patient recently returned from a 2-week business trip
in South America. An ultrasound examination of the right upper quadrant reveals a 3 cm mass in the
right lobe of the liver that appears to be isoechoic to the liver, with a surrounding hypoechoic halo.
Acoustic enhancement posterior to the mass is also shown (Figure 4, A and B). What is the most likely
diagnosis?
cholecystitis
amoebic abscess
Caroli's disease
empyema
polycystic disease of the liver - CORRECT ANSWERS A 64-year-old man undergoes an
ultrasound scan for right-sided pain to rule out gallbladder disease. The patient also has a history of
, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and bilateral nephrectomy. Ultrasound examination of
the right upper quadrant reveals a normal gallbladder and multiple thin-walled anechoic structures
within the liver (Figure 5). These results are most consistent with what diagnosis?
pneumobilia
choledochal cyst
polycystic disease of the liver
cholecystitis
fatty infiltration - CORRECT ANSWERS A 31-year-old woman is seen for an ultrasound scan.
The patient is moderately obese and has vague peptic discomfort. She has no history of cancer, nausea,
or vomiting. The ultrasound scan is ordered to rule out biliary disease. The ultrasound examination
reveals a hypoechoic liver that is difficult to penetrate (Figure 1, A and B). Vasculature is poorly imaged
(see Figure 1, A). What is the most likely diagnosis?
acute hepatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS A 27-year-old man undergoes a right upper quadrant
ultrasound scan in the emergency department. The patient has right upper quadrant pain and a history
of drug abuse. Ultrasound examination reveals a hypoechoic liver with no distinct masses (Figure 2).
What is the best diagnosis?
cirrhosis - CORRECT ANSWERS A 55-year-old man undergoes an ultrasound scan to rule out a
mass. The patient has increasing abdominal girth, vague discomfort, and anorexia. Aspartate
transaminase and alanine transaminase levels are elevated. No distinct masses are noted, but the liver is
hyperechoic and free fluid is noted within the abdominal cavity (Figure 4, A and B). The border of the
liver shows nodular irregularities. What is the best diagnosis?
TIPS catheter with hepatopetal flow - CORRECT ANSWERS A 41-year-old woman undergoes an
ultrasound scan for assessment of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) catheter. The
patient has liver failure and is being seen for a 6-month follow-up examination of the TIPS catheter. At
the time of the initial examination, the velocity within the catheter was noted to be 75 cm/s. The
catheter is patent and shows forward flow (Figure 5). Flow velocity within the catheter is noted to be 80
cm/s. What is the best diagnosis?
metastatic disease - CORRECT ANSWERS A 62-year-old woman with right upper quadrant pain
is seen for an abdominal ultrasound scan. The patient has a history of breast cancer and confirms a
recent weight loss. Ultrasound examination reveals multiple lesions (Figure 1, A and B) throughout the
parenchyma of the liver. What is the most likely diagnosis?
hemangioma - CORRECT ANSWERS A 54-year-old woman has a recent diagnosis of
endometrial carcinoma; a hysterectomy has been performed. An ultrasound scan is ordered to rule out
gallstones and reveals a hyperechoic lesion in the liver (Figure 2). What are the possible diagnoses?
focal nodular hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS A 27-year-old woman is seen after a cesarean
section for an ultrasound scan of the liver. The obstetrician reported palpation of a "hard liver mass" at
the time of the surgery. The ultrasound scan shows an isoechoic mass in the left lobe of the liver that is
relatively homogeneous (Figure 3). The patient reveals oral contraceptive use for 7 years before her
pregnancy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2025/2026 RATED A+
gastritis - CORRECT ANSWERS A 45-year-old man has epigastric pain of 3 week's duration. A
right upper quadrant ultrasound scan reveals multiple small polypoid lesions that arise from the
gallbladder wall. The remaining ultrasound examination results are unremarkable. Subsequent
investigation of the gastrointestinal tract reveals gastroenteritis. What is the most likely diagnosis for
the finding in the gallbladder?
acute cholecystitis
cholelithiasis
chronic cholecystitis
gastritis
All of the above - CORRECT ANSWERS A 68-year-old woman has right upper quadrant pain.
The ultrasound examination reveals a distended gallbladder with a wall thickness of 1.8 mm. The
gallbladder contains low-level echoes that layer and are gravity dependent and multiple small echogenic
foci that shadow (Figure 2, A and B). The common bile duct measures 10 mm and also contains a small
echogenic focus (Figure 2, C) in its distal aspect. What is the most likely diagnosis?
choledocholithiasis
sludge
cholelithiasis
All of the above
acute cholecystitis - CORRECT ANSWERS A 49-year-old woman is seen at an emergency
department with epigastric pain for 1 day, nausea and vomiting, and an elevated temperature. The
ultrasound examination reveals a thick-walled gallbladder and evidence of gallstones (Figure 3, A and B).
What is the most likely diagnosis?
acute cholecystitis
adenomyomatosis
sludge
Caroli's disease
amoebic abscess - CORRECT ANSWERS A 36-year-old man is seen with right upper quadrant
pain, diarrhea, and fever. History reveals that the patient recently returned from a 2-week business trip
in South America. An ultrasound examination of the right upper quadrant reveals a 3 cm mass in the
right lobe of the liver that appears to be isoechoic to the liver, with a surrounding hypoechoic halo.
Acoustic enhancement posterior to the mass is also shown (Figure 4, A and B). What is the most likely
diagnosis?
cholecystitis
amoebic abscess
Caroli's disease
empyema
polycystic disease of the liver - CORRECT ANSWERS A 64-year-old man undergoes an
ultrasound scan for right-sided pain to rule out gallbladder disease. The patient also has a history of
, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and bilateral nephrectomy. Ultrasound examination of
the right upper quadrant reveals a normal gallbladder and multiple thin-walled anechoic structures
within the liver (Figure 5). These results are most consistent with what diagnosis?
pneumobilia
choledochal cyst
polycystic disease of the liver
cholecystitis
fatty infiltration - CORRECT ANSWERS A 31-year-old woman is seen for an ultrasound scan.
The patient is moderately obese and has vague peptic discomfort. She has no history of cancer, nausea,
or vomiting. The ultrasound scan is ordered to rule out biliary disease. The ultrasound examination
reveals a hypoechoic liver that is difficult to penetrate (Figure 1, A and B). Vasculature is poorly imaged
(see Figure 1, A). What is the most likely diagnosis?
acute hepatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS A 27-year-old man undergoes a right upper quadrant
ultrasound scan in the emergency department. The patient has right upper quadrant pain and a history
of drug abuse. Ultrasound examination reveals a hypoechoic liver with no distinct masses (Figure 2).
What is the best diagnosis?
cirrhosis - CORRECT ANSWERS A 55-year-old man undergoes an ultrasound scan to rule out a
mass. The patient has increasing abdominal girth, vague discomfort, and anorexia. Aspartate
transaminase and alanine transaminase levels are elevated. No distinct masses are noted, but the liver is
hyperechoic and free fluid is noted within the abdominal cavity (Figure 4, A and B). The border of the
liver shows nodular irregularities. What is the best diagnosis?
TIPS catheter with hepatopetal flow - CORRECT ANSWERS A 41-year-old woman undergoes an
ultrasound scan for assessment of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) catheter. The
patient has liver failure and is being seen for a 6-month follow-up examination of the TIPS catheter. At
the time of the initial examination, the velocity within the catheter was noted to be 75 cm/s. The
catheter is patent and shows forward flow (Figure 5). Flow velocity within the catheter is noted to be 80
cm/s. What is the best diagnosis?
metastatic disease - CORRECT ANSWERS A 62-year-old woman with right upper quadrant pain
is seen for an abdominal ultrasound scan. The patient has a history of breast cancer and confirms a
recent weight loss. Ultrasound examination reveals multiple lesions (Figure 1, A and B) throughout the
parenchyma of the liver. What is the most likely diagnosis?
hemangioma - CORRECT ANSWERS A 54-year-old woman has a recent diagnosis of
endometrial carcinoma; a hysterectomy has been performed. An ultrasound scan is ordered to rule out
gallstones and reveals a hyperechoic lesion in the liver (Figure 2). What are the possible diagnoses?
focal nodular hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS A 27-year-old woman is seen after a cesarean
section for an ultrasound scan of the liver. The obstetrician reported palpation of a "hard liver mass" at
the time of the surgery. The ultrasound scan shows an isoechoic mass in the left lobe of the liver that is
relatively homogeneous (Figure 3). The patient reveals oral contraceptive use for 7 years before her
pregnancy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
