GMS 6552 EXAM 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM UPDATE
Most common Drug Target
Receptors
Time frame for Channel-linked Receptors
Milliseconds
Class name for Channel-linked Receptors
Ionotropic receptors
Example of Channel-linked Receptors
Nicotinic/ACh Receptors
Time frame for GPCRs
Seconds
Class name for GPCRs
Metabotropic Receptors
Example of GPCRs
Muscarinic/ACh Receptors
Time frame for Kinase-linked Receptors
Minutes
Insulin receptors fall under which type of receptor category?
Kinase-linked Receptors
How long does it take for insulin to take effect?
Minutes
Time frame of Nuclear receptors
Hours to Days
How many transmembrane domains are there on GPCRs?
,7
The alpha subunit of G protein is what type of enzyme?
GTPase (slow)
The G-proteins are [intracellular or extracellular]?
intracellular, but membrane associated
The N-terminus of the GPCR is
Extracellular
The C-terminus of the GPCR is
Intracellular
When what is bound to alpha subunit, are the g proteins turned on?
GTP
alpha S subunit of G protein activates
adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase increases
cAMP
cAMP activates
PKA
alpha I subunit of G proteins inhibits
Adenylyl cyclase
alpha q subunit of G protein activates
PLC
PLC increases levels of what two things?
DAG and IP3
IP3 increases levels of intracellular _________
Calcium
DAG activates
PKC
,T/F: There are no 2nd messengers in Kinase-linked receptor signaling
True
In receptors associated w/ cytosolic kinases:
Receptors are initially _____________________
once ligand binds, they _______________________
After that, ________ gets activated which will phosphorylate __________
residues.
monomeric; dimerize; JAK; Tyrosine
In receptors associated w/ cytosolic kinases, proteins with _______ domains
(such as STAT, SHC, GRB2, PI3K) bind and gets activated via
______________ of those residues. Once activated, they act as
__________________ and translocate to the ______________.
SH2; phosphorylation; Trxn factors; nucleus
Receptor tyrosine kinases have ____________________ tyrosine kinase
activity.
Intrinsic
T/F: Insulin acts on receptor tyrosine kinases.
True
The _____ subunits of receptor tyrosine kinases phosphorylate _________
residues.
beta; tyrosine
In receptor tyrosine kinases that have insulin bound, phosphorylated
tyrosine residues will phosphorylate ________ which will activate
______________ and the ___________ pathways.
IRS; GRB2/mSOS; PI3K
The GRB2/mSOS pathway activates _____________.
mek, MAPK, etc.
The PI3K pathway activates _____________ pathway which
phosphorylates effector proteins.
PKB/AKT
, In receptor Ser/Thr kinases, ligands bind to type _____ receptor which will
then ___________ with the type ___ receptor.
2; dimerize; 1
Once receptor Ser/Thr Kinases are activated, the type ____ receptor will
phosphorylate the type ____ receptor.
2; 1
Once the type 1 receptor is phosphorylated on Ser/Thr kinase receptors, it
will phosphorylate which type of proteins?
SMADs or Receptor Activated SMADs or R-SMADs
SMADs will then act as _________ which translocate to the nucleus
Trxn Factors
T/F: Nitric Oxide can bind on or in the cell.
True
NO can bind to ________ ion in proteins or to ____ atoms on proteins
resulting in allosteric changes.
Metal; Sulfur
Once NO has bound to its receptor, this will activate soluble
____________________ which increases levels of ______________, a 2nd
messenger.
guanylyl cyclase; cGMP
T/F: Notch signaling is a method for which ligands on cell surfaces can act
as a method for signaling.
True
In notch signaling, ____________ cleave ICN which will translocate to the
nucleus.
metalloproteases
TGF-b + Fibroblasts -> _______________
TGF-b + Epithelial Cells -> _____________
Pro-growth
Inhibited growth
TGF-b is produced as a ____________ form and must be activated.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM UPDATE
Most common Drug Target
Receptors
Time frame for Channel-linked Receptors
Milliseconds
Class name for Channel-linked Receptors
Ionotropic receptors
Example of Channel-linked Receptors
Nicotinic/ACh Receptors
Time frame for GPCRs
Seconds
Class name for GPCRs
Metabotropic Receptors
Example of GPCRs
Muscarinic/ACh Receptors
Time frame for Kinase-linked Receptors
Minutes
Insulin receptors fall under which type of receptor category?
Kinase-linked Receptors
How long does it take for insulin to take effect?
Minutes
Time frame of Nuclear receptors
Hours to Days
How many transmembrane domains are there on GPCRs?
,7
The alpha subunit of G protein is what type of enzyme?
GTPase (slow)
The G-proteins are [intracellular or extracellular]?
intracellular, but membrane associated
The N-terminus of the GPCR is
Extracellular
The C-terminus of the GPCR is
Intracellular
When what is bound to alpha subunit, are the g proteins turned on?
GTP
alpha S subunit of G protein activates
adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase increases
cAMP
cAMP activates
PKA
alpha I subunit of G proteins inhibits
Adenylyl cyclase
alpha q subunit of G protein activates
PLC
PLC increases levels of what two things?
DAG and IP3
IP3 increases levels of intracellular _________
Calcium
DAG activates
PKC
,T/F: There are no 2nd messengers in Kinase-linked receptor signaling
True
In receptors associated w/ cytosolic kinases:
Receptors are initially _____________________
once ligand binds, they _______________________
After that, ________ gets activated which will phosphorylate __________
residues.
monomeric; dimerize; JAK; Tyrosine
In receptors associated w/ cytosolic kinases, proteins with _______ domains
(such as STAT, SHC, GRB2, PI3K) bind and gets activated via
______________ of those residues. Once activated, they act as
__________________ and translocate to the ______________.
SH2; phosphorylation; Trxn factors; nucleus
Receptor tyrosine kinases have ____________________ tyrosine kinase
activity.
Intrinsic
T/F: Insulin acts on receptor tyrosine kinases.
True
The _____ subunits of receptor tyrosine kinases phosphorylate _________
residues.
beta; tyrosine
In receptor tyrosine kinases that have insulin bound, phosphorylated
tyrosine residues will phosphorylate ________ which will activate
______________ and the ___________ pathways.
IRS; GRB2/mSOS; PI3K
The GRB2/mSOS pathway activates _____________.
mek, MAPK, etc.
The PI3K pathway activates _____________ pathway which
phosphorylates effector proteins.
PKB/AKT
, In receptor Ser/Thr kinases, ligands bind to type _____ receptor which will
then ___________ with the type ___ receptor.
2; dimerize; 1
Once receptor Ser/Thr Kinases are activated, the type ____ receptor will
phosphorylate the type ____ receptor.
2; 1
Once the type 1 receptor is phosphorylated on Ser/Thr kinase receptors, it
will phosphorylate which type of proteins?
SMADs or Receptor Activated SMADs or R-SMADs
SMADs will then act as _________ which translocate to the nucleus
Trxn Factors
T/F: Nitric Oxide can bind on or in the cell.
True
NO can bind to ________ ion in proteins or to ____ atoms on proteins
resulting in allosteric changes.
Metal; Sulfur
Once NO has bound to its receptor, this will activate soluble
____________________ which increases levels of ______________, a 2nd
messenger.
guanylyl cyclase; cGMP
T/F: Notch signaling is a method for which ligands on cell surfaces can act
as a method for signaling.
True
In notch signaling, ____________ cleave ICN which will translocate to the
nucleus.
metalloproteases
TGF-b + Fibroblasts -> _______________
TGF-b + Epithelial Cells -> _____________
Pro-growth
Inhibited growth
TGF-b is produced as a ____________ form and must be activated.
